Q&A with Dr. Christian Nunez

The infant formula shortage is a crisis affecting many families. While the reasons for the shortage are complex and include a recall from a major manufacturer, what’s most important right now is getting families through this crisis. We discussed options parents have with Dr. Christian Nunez, pediatric hospitalist with the Spence and Becky Wilson Baptist Children’s Hospital.

Let’s start with why formula is so essential. What does it do for babies?  

It’s important because it provides the nutrition infants need for their high metabolic demand. The neonatal timeframe is a period of rapid growth and development. In the first few weeks and months of life, the proportionate drastic change in the baby’s weight isn’t seen again until puberty. Formula is designed to not only fulfill babies’ caloric requirements, but to maintain their electrolytes. That’s why we consider formula to be so important if breast milk isn’t available or an option. Families can consult with a pediatrician to select what is appropriate for their child.

Why is it important not to water down formula?

If you water down formula too much, it’s going to be essentially useless. It won’t have the calories to support growth, and you run the risk of seizures and kidney damage. It’s very important for the formula to be mixed properly. If too much water is added, there can be serious electrolyte abnormalities — most notably with sodium. If sodium drops in the blood too quickly, it can cause seizures. And babies’ kidneys aren’t fully developed until close to a year and can’t handle that much water.  

Is it appropriate to offer infants cow’s milk or plant-based milk?

The type of proteins in cow’s milk and even plant-based milk can be harmful to infants under 1 year old. The proteins can affect their kidneys, which are not fully developed enough to handle the high protein load, and can also affect the intestinal tract, potentially causing intestinal bleeding. It is best to stick with infant formulas or breastmilk, which is safer and has the correct amount of nutrients needed for that stage of development. The American Academy of Pediatrics offers other tips on infants’ dietary needs.

Are you seeing patients and parents affected by the shortage?

Personally, I’m not, but I do know it’s very prevalent today. The question we get a lot is, “Should we switch formulas? Is it safe?” What I generally say is that if it’s a standard infant formula, 19 or 20 kilocalories per ounce, and most brands are, it should be sufficient for an infant. All the different name brands are just brands. They are comparable. What’s important is that they are mixed correctly to prevent abnormalities.  

What alternatives do parents have during the shortage?

They can switch formulas. Some parents worry that switching formulas can cause stomach upset, and that can happen when you introduce something new to the diet. It can affect the intestinal tract slightly. So, it can take about five to seven days for the baby to adjust. Parents should avoid frequent switching without giving the baby enough time to adjust. Give it a week after switching. If there are still issues, consult with a pediatrician. Some other symptoms that may come up with switching formulas include gas, irritability, spit up, diarrhea or change in color of stools. Ask a pediatrician about gas drops to help with symptoms. What I recommend to families, especially parents of newborns I see in the nursery, is to start breastfeeding from birth if possible. Breast milk supplies nutrients that can’t be produced in formula. It also has antibodies from the mother. Studies have also shown that breastfed babies are less likely to develop asthma, eczema, allergies, frequent stomach infections, and they have increased cognitive development. The Spence and Becky Wilson Baptist Children’s Hospital is one of the leading pediatric hospitals in Memphis and includes a pediatric emergency room, advanced pediatric intensive care unit, spacious inpatient rooms and outpatient diagnostics and surgeries. Find a physician by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

Callers Affected by a Variety of Issues Find Help With the Crisis Line

Mid-South residents are facing a lot of stressors — poverty, economic pressure from inflation, crime, gun violence, numerous issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and simply feeling let-down after the holidays are over. All this is in addition to everyday life stress, anxiety, seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and other mental health problems, such as depression. The Memphis Crisis Center has been available through it all — since 1971 — to offer support for residents.

COVID-19 Has Added Layers of Stress, Isolation and Hardship

The pandemic has made people feel a sense of loss, even if they haven’t directly experienced the death of a friend or loved one. It’s the loss of a sense of normalcy and increased isolation that can be very difficult. “Connection is so important to mental health. That can’t be overstated,” said Michael LaBonte, executive director of the Memphis Crisis Center. With the pandemic, people need safe forms of connection. It’s important to check on neighbors and reach out to friends and family via phone or text, urged LaBonte. “When people call us, it may not manifest directly as a COVID call, but it’s one of those underlying issues from COVID because people have been laid off, lost loved ones and are dealing with additional stressors,” said LaBonte. “A lot of people have felt isolated and that’s had an impact on calls we get.” LaBonte said that he’s noticed a correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and suicide calls, material needs calls and calls for mental health issues. He believes that the pandemic has exacerbated existing mental health issues for many people, particularly those who have lower income levels and fewer resources. Even people without existing mental health problems and financial issues have also had a tough time dealing with pandemic-related stress. A recent study published in The Lancet Regional Health – Americas indicated 32.8% of U.S. adults had elevated depressive symptoms in 2021, and 27.8% of adults experienced such symptoms in the early months of the pandemic in 2020. In comparison, only 8.5% of adults had elevated depressive symptoms before the start of the pandemic. The most significant predictors for depressive symptoms were having a low household income, being unmarried and experiencing multiple pandemic-related stressors. “The past two years have been exhausting to individuals,” said LaBonte. “People are worn out. We’ve dealt with the pandemic, political uncertainty and economic fallout from the pandemic.”

Connecting With Those Who Need Help

The Memphis Crisis Center is an important resource for the community, especially now, but how do callers find the center? Often, it’s through online searches. Since 2014, Baptist Memorial Health Care has provided a yearly grant to the center to enable them to reach people where they are with behavioral online targeting through Google searches. “We cherish our relationship with Baptist Memorial Health Care,” said LaBonte. “Lives have been saved because of that relationship.” When someone in the Memphis metro area uses Google to search for certain terms, the Memphis Crisis Center comes up in search results along with the phone number for the center. Some examples of these targeted search words are “how to kill myself” or “help with depression.” The Google algorithm also includes COVID-related terms so that people dealing with difficulties from the pandemic may receive help too. “We stay in contact with our media firm to make sure the search words are consistent with the needs of our community,” said noted LaBonte. “Multiple callers have told us, ‘Your call center came up and I decided to call.’” If you or someone you know is in crisis, please contact the Memphis Crisis Center at 901-CRISIS7 (901-274-7477) or the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-TALK (8255).

Unlike some chronic diseases, managing diabetes is complex. People with diabetes must take medication, learn to monitor their glucose level, understand their physical symptoms and adapt to new habits, such as healthy eating and daily exercise. To help Mid-South patients with diabetes make lifestyle adjustments, Baptist Medical Group primary care physicians and the Diabetes Education Center  developed a leading-edge program, called the Diabetes Care Coordination Implementation Team. The program regularly follows more than 5,200 patients and combines affordable diabetic education classes with phone calls to offer proactive treatment for patients with diabetes.

Diabetes Self-Management Classes Make an Impact

A diabetes diagnosis came as a surprise for Jennifer Coburn-Washington, a Memphis resident and customer service employee for Baptist Medical Group. “I started feeling bad and couldn't figure out what was going on with me,” said Coburn-Washington. “My doctor ran some tests and told me I was pre-diabetic. Of course, I thought, 'No, not me. Other people have diabetes, but not me.'” Coburn-Washington’s doctor prescribed medication and recommended diabetes education classes. “I started classes at the Diabetes Education Center at Baptist Memorial Hospital-Memphis,” said Coburn-Washington. “I didn’t have an open mind when I arrived. I was probably the worst student in the program when it came to eating habits.” According to Dr. Gregory Jenkins, general internal medicine specialist with Baptist Medical Group-Internal Medicine, the Diabetes Care Coordination Implementation Team was designed with patients like Coburn-Washington in mind. “We developed the program to ensure patients with uncontrolled diabetes see their diabetic care provider every 90 days,” said Jenkins. “We also want patients to go to a diabetic self-management education class at least every two years. Our third objective is to make sure patients can access their medications and that they understand how to take them.” Coburn-Washington experienced a learning curve, but with her doctor’s help, she learned to test her blood sugar level. “I struggled at first because I faint when I see needles or blood,” said Coburn-Washington. “My doctor taught me how to measure my blood sugar level without being queasy. He did it for me a couple of times — and I quickly realized that it's not painful. That helped me overcome my fear.” Measuring her blood sugar level was simple compared to changing her diet. At 48 years old, Coburn-Washington believed it was too late to make significant changes. However, she learned to incorporate new foods into her diet by attending diabetes education classes. “Ms. Jennifer Reed teaches the classes,” said Coburn-Washington. “She’s a certified diabetes educator and registered dietitian. Her classes helped me learn how to eat and what to eat. She gave me recipes and a diagram of my plate to show food groups and portion sizes. I keep the diagram in my purse as a constant reminder to eat from each food group.”

A Team Approach Achieves Promising Results

According to Jenkins and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a team approach to diabetes management can effectively help patients cope with diabetes complications and lower their risk for kidney disease, heart disease and stroke. “A team of seven trained, certified medical assistants reach out to patients by phone on a regular basis,” said Jenkins. “This is the real beauty of the program. They ask patients how they're doing with their diabetes. They remind patients to attend diabetes education classes and see their doctor every 90 days. They also answer questions and help them get medications.” Data show the team approach has been successful in helping patients manage their diabetes. To gauge improvement, Baptist Medical Group physicians measure patients’ A1C, a blood test that shows average blood glucose level over the past two to three months. “We compared their A1C when they entered the program with their most recent one,” said Jenkins. “About 2,300 patients gained control of their diabetes over the course of the program. We're outpacing the national benchmark for telephone diabetic outreach in terms of A1C drop rates.” Additionally, patients who completed all 10 hours of diabetes education classes reduced their A1C by 1.9 points, which is more than patients can achieve with any single medication. “I'm not tired anymore,” said Coburn-Washington. “I have extra energy, and I'm eating a lot of great vegetables, fish and other foods I never would have tried before. It’s an informative program. It helped open my eyes.” Patients who are cared for by a Baptist Medical Group primary care physician are automatically eligible for the program. Patients who are not cared for by a Baptist Medical Group primary care physician can access the program through the Baptist Outpatient Care Center, which is located at 2100 Exeter Road, Germantown, TN, 38138 or by calling (901) 701-5538. Visit our website to learn more about Baptist Diabetes Education Center. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit the Mid-South especially hard, with more than 8,391 deaths in Tennessee as of mid-January. Coronavirus deaths are sudden, and families cannot be with loved ones during their last moments because of restrictions designed to stop the spread of the virus. This separation, loss and confusion can be overwhelming for grieving people. There are no right or wrong ways to experience grief. To better understand how people cope with grief during COVID-19 and how Baptist’s grief support groups can play a role in the healing process, we spoke with Angela Hamblen Kelly, executive director of Baptist Centers for Good Grief.

COVID-19 and Grief Overload

Grief is a normal expression of love after a loved one dies. Everyone grieves—children, teens and adults. Unfortunately, the pandemic is making it even harder. “Grief is lonely and isolating when we’re not in a pandemic,” said Hamblen Kelly. “Then you add the pandemic, and it complicates the grief experience.” Grieving people cannot say goodbye in traditional ways, such as funerals, shivas or memorial services because of pandemic restrictions that prohibit large gatherings. At Baptist Centers for Good Grief, counselors work with people who are looking for a place to process their grief. “A lot of our families are grieving multiple people who have died from COVID-19,” said Hamblen Kelly. “The griever might have had COVID-19 or may currently have COVID-19. They may not get to attend a memorial service because it is postponed or because they themselves are sick.” Without traditional ways of honoring and remembering loved ones, many people experience what Hamblen Kelly calls grief overload. “You may be grieving the death of a loved one from COVID-19, and that grief continues because COVID-19 is still here,” said Hamblen Kelly. “Grief makes us feel like we are forever changed. The pandemic has a similar effect on us. The pandemic also creates the lingering fear and anxiety that another loved one will get sick.”

Virtual Support Group for Grieving Loved Ones

To help people cope with the grief of losing a loved one to COVID-19, Baptist Centers for Good Grief designed a six-week virtual support group. “Many people feel like they can't talk about their loved one because the pandemic is so big—there are so many deaths,” said Hamblen Kelly. “However, listening is the best thing we can do for a grieving person. Our support sessions will give people a chance to come together virtually.” A grief counselor will facilitate discussions on certain topics each week. Virtual sessions give members a supportive environment in which they can feel comfortable sharing stories and beginning the healing process. All services at Baptist Centers for Good Grief are free of charge and funded through grants and donations to Baptist Memorial Health Care Foundation. Virtual COVID-19 grief support sessions begin Thursday, January 21 at 4:00 pm and continue through the end of February. To register by January 20, please call 901-861-5656. “It’s so important for people to understand how real grief is,” said Hamblen Kelly. “The pandemic has impacted everyone. Grief changes us, and it's important to share that with a counselor, a grief group or a trusted friend. Now more than ever, we need to talk to each other about how we're doing.” Learn more about the Baptist Centers for Good Grief, and find a licensed professional counselor on our Find a Physician page.  

Americans in the Mid-South and across the country have abruptly changed where and how they work in 2020. More than a third of Americans are working from home because of the coronavirus, according to recent research from Yahoo-Finance Harris. Some remote workers feel more productive working outside of the office but struggle to maintain a healthy work-life balance. In fact, combining your home and work life can take a serious toll on your mental and emotional wellness. Here are some healthy ways to adjust and take care of yourself.

Create a Routine and Set Boundaries

People who shifted to a work-from-home environment during the pandemic may feel like the workday never ends. It’s easy to find yourself answering emails at 9 p.m. or skipping lunch when you’re not sharing food with a coworker.  “People feel like they’re always readily available,” said Melissa Wilkes Donahue, director of CONCERN Employee Assistance Program. “Remote workers may feel compelled to work longer hours because they have everything they need at home. It can be more difficult to compartmentalize your life when everything happens under one roof.” For parents, children complicate working at home. Some children must learn at home during the pandemic and require more time and attention than working parents can give during the 9–5 workday. “Set healthy boundaries for your coworkers, your children and yourself,” said Dr. Tracey Johnson, assistant director of CONCERN Employee Assistance Program. “Create boundaries and follow a routine to ease your stress and anxiety. Explain to your child why he or she can’t interrupt you when your office door is closed. Take this same honest approach with yourself when you need breaks.” Johnson and Wilkes Donahue also recommend incorporating mindfulness into your daily routine. Take a 15-minute walk around the block, meditate for a few minutes after a meeting or prepare a quick, healthy lunch. “When the workday is over, flip a mental switch and allow yourself to step away from your computer and your phone,” said Wilkes Donahue. “It’s your time to recharge physically and emotionally.”

Get Fresh Air

Studies show that fresh air affects productivity, creativity and how the brain processes information. “Get outside during the workday,” said Johnson. “Give yourself permission to spend time in nature. The green effect is real—trees, grass and fresh air all provide a boost to your wellbeing. You may be surprised how good you feel by simply stepping outside to take a phone call. At the very least, open a window and enjoy the breeze.”

Make Time for Yourself

Self-care is important for maintaining a healthy relationship with yourself, promoting wellness and reducing the risk of burnout. It can be easy to slip into bad habits or ignore the things you enjoy when you’re working indoors by yourself. “Self-care is not selfish,” said Johnson. “It’s a necessity. Your needs are important. You deplete your motivation and happiness levels if you spend all your time working or meeting the needs of other people.” Allow yourself to listen to an audio book, go for a run or light a scented candle. Meditation and yoga can help you focus on your breath, which improves posture and overall feelings of wellness. Whatever self-care looks like to you, prioritize the activities that bring you joy.

Ask for Support

It’s normal to feel frustrated, scared or uncertain during a pandemic. If you’re doing your best to cope but you’re still struggling, turn to family, friends or mental health professionals for support. Through the CONCERN Employee Assistance Program, mental health professionals provide free mental health services, guidance and resources to employees, including unlimited confidential counseling, conflict resolution services and referral assistance. “If you’re struggling, reach out for support,” said Wilkes Donahue. “You can find resources to help manage your work-life balance. Set boundaries. People may take and take until you choose to say no. Use self-care to do things you enjoy and that refill your cup.”  Learn more about the CONCERN Employee Assistance Program,  and view the full range of mental health services for employees. Meet counseling staff by visiting the Meet Our EAP Counselors page.

Holidays mark an important time for many Americans. Families and friends gather to enjoy large meals, exchange gifts, participate in activities and worship together. However, COVID-19 has disrupted traditional celebration plans. Zoom gatherings, drive-by gift exchanges and live-streamed religious services may be the new normal for families this holiday season. We spoke with Dr. Tracey Johnson, assistant director of the CONCERN Employee Assistance Program, about how you can manage your emotions and set realistic expectations as you prepare for the holidays.

Acknowledge Your Feelings

Disruptions to beloved traditions happen frequently—a family member dies, a child moves away from home and work schedules complicate planned festivities. You may feel sad, angry, anxious or guilty. Acknowledge how you navigated change in the past and ask yourself how those coping skills can help you celebrate the holidays during a pandemic. “Instead of focusing on the cons of the situation, think about the pros,” said Johnson. “Look at the bright side. Family gatherings will likely be smaller and more intimate this year due to pandemic guidelines. If big, crowded events make you feel stressed, think about how a smaller, socially distanced event could feel more comfortable and meaningful to you.” Different doesn’t always mean bad. However, if the holiday momentum feels overwhelming, Johnson recommends counteracting one negative thought with five positive thoughts. “The coronavirus may change your hosting plans,” said Johnson. “You could still cook a few dishes to drop off at a family member’s house or share a meal with friends over Zoom. But you don’t have to prepare an elaborate meal for 30 people this year. You don’t have to deep clean the house. This makes holiday preparation a little less stressful.”

Get Creative

Johnson says you don’t need to let go of traditions—rather, use creativity to craft more inclusive holiday experiences this year. Consider virtually inviting family members who wouldn’t otherwise be able to attend. “Technology allows us to invite loved ones who won’t be able to participate in our holiday fun,” said Johnson. “Maybe you video chat with grandparents who live on the West coast. Be open to new opportunities to make lasting memories.”

Keep Your Healthy Habits

What is one of your best defenses against holiday stress? Healthy habits. “We tend to forget about our own needs in the hustle and bustle of the holiday season,” said Johnson. “Make sure you get enough sleep, eat well and stay physically active.” It’s OK to indulge in your favorite holiday dish or treat. Moderation is key. Don’t forget to maintain your daily or weekly workout routine. Exercise not only keeps you fit but also supplies your brain with feel-good endorphins that ward off anxiety and depression.

Reach Out

The coronavirus pandemic presented new and complex challenges. Many families are grieving experiences that didn’t happen this year due to the spread of COVID-19, including high school graduations, birthday parties, baby showers and funerals. If you’re grieving the loss of a person or an experience this holiday season, you’re not alone. “We all grieve differently,” said Johnson. “The holidays can be a reminder of our loss. Draw attention to this feeling—don’t bottle it up. Make new traditions that honor the memories of loved ones who have passed on. If you need support, reach out to family, friends and health care professionals who can help you process grief and find joy again for the holidays.” Learn more about the CONCERN Employee Assistance Program and view the full range of mental health services available. Meet counseling staff by visiting the Meet Our EAP Counselors page.

Quarantine refers to the practice of isolating individuals who have had close contact with someone with COVID-19 to determine whether they develop symptoms or test positive for the disease. We talked with Dr. Stephen Threlkeld, an infectious disease specialist and epidemiologist who works with Baptist Memorial Hospital-Memphis, to help you understand COVID-19 quarantine guidelines.

Q: Is there a new COVID-19 quarantine period?

A: No, there is not a new quarantine or isolation period for people who test positive for COVID-19. The Tennessee Department of Health issued a document on August 19 that explains quarantine release guidelines and the recommended isolation period for cases, household contacts and non-household contacts. However, the language in this document may be slightly confusing to some Mid-South residents. It’s important to read the fine print, as well as the main print on the document.

Q: Do people need to quarantine for 24 days?

A: People who test positive must quarantine for a minimum of 10 days after onset of the disease and can be released after they are without fever for 24 hours and show improvement in symptoms. The Tennessee Department of Health document states that some people must be prepared to quarantine for 24 days. That assumes that you live with someone who tested positive and from whom you cannot separate in a house. This is called a household contact.

Q: What does the term household contact mean?

A: You are considered a household contact if you share any living spaces—such as a bathroom, bedroom, living room or kitchen—with a person who has tested positive. Household contacts must quarantine for 14 days after the last possible exposure that could cause infection. That last exposure is 10 days from the start of the infected person's symptoms. For example, you may live with a spouse or other family member who tests positive and with whom you share living spaces, such as one bathroom or one bedroom. You may not be able to physically isolate from that person within your household. Your 14-day quarantine would start after your spouse or family member has completed his or her own 10-day quarantine.

Q: Who is affected?

A: The 24-day isolation period affects household contacts, or people who are living with a person who tests positive from whom they cannot physically isolate. Unfortunately, some people missed the fine print and thought everyone must quarantine for 21 to 24 days. But that's not true.

Q: What happens if you can separate from household members during their isolation?

A: Non-household contacts must quarantine for 14 days after the date of last exposure, regardless of whether the person who tested positive was symptomatic. Exposure means contact with a person during the time period beginning two days prior to that person’s symptom onset (or specimen collection date if the person is asymptomatic) through the end of that person’s isolation period. To be considered a non-household contact:

• The person must never be in the same room as household members.
• The person cannot share plates, cups, dishes or phones with others.
• The person should have his or her own bathroom. If that isn’t possible, the household must conduct daily cleaning.

Q: How can people stay up to date with COVID-19 changes?

A: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website is the most current source for information about COVID-19 recommendations and guidelines. Visit our website to learn more about COVID-19. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

As communities and schools in the Mid-South begin to start youth sports, health care professionals urge parents and coaches to consider how they can help keep children as safe as possible. Dr. Stephen Threlkeld, an infectious disease specialist and epidemiologist who works with Baptist Memorial Hospital-Memphis, recommends actions parents and schools can take to lower the risk of exposure and reduce the spread of COVID-19.

Q: How can parents protect their kids if sports start again?

A: The protections for kids who participate in school sports are an extension of the protections for kids who return to in-person classes. In general, children should wear masks and maintain at least 6 feet of social distance. This is very difficult to do with school-aged populations. It is also challenging to do in certain sports, such as football, basketball and other team activities. Sports introduce situations that present potential risks of infection—from large team meetings in poorly ventilated rooms to huddles in which players are close together and may be breathing heavily from the last play. We simply don’t know the full extent of the risks yet. Outdoor sports may be less of a risk than indoor sports. But we must remember, it is still a risk when kids are in close contact with each other.

Q: Should parents allow their kids to participate?

A: Unfortunately, that question can only be answered with confidence in retrospect. We don't have enough information to know with certainty right now. That's a problem we have faced in many scenarios with this infection. Young athletes might be in close contact with others who are breathing heavily or raising their voices—behaviors that emit respiratory droplets. However, we think outdoor activities pose a lower risk of spreading COVID-19 than indoor activities do. It could be that we’ll see fewer cases with an outdoor sport like football, for example. It all depends on how much being outside helps to decrease the contagiousness of this virus.

Q: What should parents consider about allowing their kids to participate?

A: As a parent, you want to be confident that your child’s coach is aware of the risks of infection and attempts to minimize unnecessary close contact. Of course, coaches cannot eliminate all risks. Some sports will involve a certain level of close contact. You can't tackle someone from more than 6 feet away in football, but you can avoid a 20-person team meeting in a small room with poor ventilation. It’s important that local and national coaching staffs know the risks and take steps to minimize those risks.

Q: Are some sports more dangerous than others when it comes to COVID-19 exposure?

A: Some individual sports are probably a bit safer. Golf, for example, likely poses less risk than a contact team sport, such as basketball. Golf is an outdoor sport, and players can stay physically distanced. This is harder to achieve with basketball or football.

Q: What is superspreading, and can it happen at your child’s sporting event?

A: Superspreading means one infectious person could potentially infect multiple people. Superspreading could happen if a sporting event combines multiple risk factors. These risk factors include crowded spaces, areas with poor ventilation, and people who practice high-risk behaviors, such as not wearing masks and not staying at least 6 feet apart. When you combine those factors, you’re at risk of regular virus transmission and superspreading transmission. We should do what we can to reduce those risks to keep players safe, as well as the people they come into contact with, including older teachers, teachers with medical problems, parents and grandparents.

Q: Is there anything else parents should know?

A: The history of respiratory viruses, including pandemics, shows they get much worse in the fall and winter. We should take steps now to minimize this virus among student populations and, in doing so, potentially reduce community transmission over the next several months. Potential vaccines and monoclonal antibody treatments are on the horizon. We don't want to make serious mistakes before those items are available to use as weapons against this virus. Visit our website to learn more about COVID-19. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

Experts agree that children learn best when they attend school in person. In addition to academics, such as math, reading and science, students learn social and emotional skills and receive mental health and behavioral services in school. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new challenges for the upcoming school year. Many families wonder how they can prepare their children for a school setting during the pandemic. We sat down with Dr. Jennifer Snow, medical director of the pediatric intensive care unit and department chair of pediatrics at the Spence and Becky Wilson Baptist Children’s Hospital, to discuss how you can help prepare your children for the classroom.

Be Honest in the Face of Uncertainty

“The pandemic is fluid and dynamic,” said Snow. “It is constantly changing and generating uncertainty. Uncertainty creates stress for children and parents. It’s important to stay honest and realistic with children about the changes they will face.” No matter what form learning takes this year, acknowledge that schedules and routines may shift, but this won’t last forever. “Be honest,” said Snow. “Let children know why we're asking them to wear masks and practice social distancing. Explain the importance of handwashing, especially during a pandemic. We use precautions to keep ourselves and others safe from illness.” Snow also recommends modeling positivity for children who return to the classroom. “Children are observant, and they tend to mirror their parents’ emotions,” said Snow. “Talk calmly about what they can expect. We sometimes underestimate kids. They are quite resilient and adaptable, especially if they receive positive reinforcement. Help them focus on what they can control instead of what they cannot control.”

Practice New Routines

Before school starts, help your child practice wearing a mask for long periods of time. “Start small by setting a timer or playing a song,” said Snow. “Gradually increase the time they wear their mask to get them accustomed to wearing it all day at school. Make it fun for younger kids. Even older kids like to dress up. Get them a mask with their favorite superhero. Make it seem like a costume or a prop.” Snow recommends wearing your own mask for the same amount of time to model the behavior you expect from your child.

Reinforce Safety Measures

“Teach children how to wash their hands for an appropriate length of time—at least 20 seconds,” said Snow. “Encourage handwashing after school, before they eat and when they use the restroom. Instead of high fives or holding hands, invent a fun, new greeting your child can do while remaining socially distanced.” Some may wonder how to prevent young children from sharing their masks with others. Again, Snow recommends positive reinforcement. “Just like you don't share forks and spoons, you don’t share masks,” said Snow. “Remind children that their mask is for their face only. Teachers will help make sure children do not remove masks or switch with friends.”

Learn About School Protocols

Schools are implementing strict guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Most schools have already released guidelines that define in-person, virtual or hybrid learning environments for students and teachers. “As you prepare your child for in-person learning, you may have questions for teachers and school administrators,” said Snow. “What are the masking guidelines? How will teachers reinforce social distancing? How will staff serve lunch at school in a safe and socially distanced manner? Ask questions if your child’s school hasn’t already communicated its approach and procedures.” Parents can also make sure they understand the notification process if someone at school tests positive for COVID-19. “Schools create specific quarantine and isolation precautions for people who test positive, as well as those who may have been exposed to the virus,” said Snow. “If you don't already know the notification process, ask the school what that process looks like.” Returning to school during the COVID-19 pandemic will require collaboration and support between schools, parents, students and health care professionals to make the learning environment as safe as possible. However, a surge in positive virus cases could result in school closures. “Some schools have already opened and closed,” said Snow. “Be prepared. Try to create a backup plan in case your child needs to learn at home.” Visit our website to learn more about Baptist Children’s Hospital. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

Some schools plan to embrace distance learning this year in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead of returning to a classroom, many students will learn online at home. To help parents and guardians navigate the transition to virtual learning, we sat down with Paige Marcantel, licensed clinical social worker and director of the Universal Parenting Place at Baptist Memorial Hospital for Women.

Have a Family Meeting

Family meetings can be fun, productive and meaningful ways to strengthen communication and trust. Hold a family meeting to establish expectations and discuss how your family can support each other as you navigate virtual learning together. “Explain that virtual school is going to be different,” said Marcantel. “Mom and dad or grandma and grandpa aren't necessarily teachers, but they are going to help with schoolwork. Everyone will make mistakes, but we’ll be patient with each other. Let your children know that you're not perfect—and you don't expect perfection from them either.”

Explain the Safety Measures

Children need to understand why they aren’t going back to their school classrooms right now. “Make sure they know they aren’t alone,” said Marcantel. “Their classmates are learning virtually, too. Explain that masking, practicing social distancing and learning at home help prevent the spread of COVID-19. Kids have a great ability to develop empathy and understanding for other people. They can see why safety measures matter.”

Establish a Productive Learning Environment

“For most parents, the at-home learning environment may be the dining room table, a desk or an office space,” said Marcantel. It's important to keep this space clear of distractions and stocked with materials your child needs, such as textbooks, pens, pencils and markers. Mimic an in-school environment as much as possible. Turn off TVs and eliminate phones and other screens. Use headphones or earbuds so your child can listen to a lesson without distractions. “Your learning environment doesn't have to be fancy or expensive,” said Marcantel. “It just needs to feel like a regular school desk as much as possible.”

Make a Schedule

“Create a learning schedule that works for your household,” said Marcantel. “Kids thrive in predictable environments. Think about how much time your child spends on the computer, when they will have breaks for physical activity and when they will eat lunch.” Consider making a visual schedule to display on your wall or refrigerator to relieve any uncertainty or anxiety your child may feel about the virtual school day.

Take Brain Breaks

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents model appropriate technology use and encourages them to set clear boundaries around screen usage for children of all ages. Because virtual schooling increases screen time for kids, Marcantel recommends children take brain breaks. “Get physical movement involved to give the brain a break,” said Marcantel. “You may need to set other screen rules in your house to prevent what you feel is too much screen time. I like to remind parents that they decide how and when their children use technology.”

Prioritize Connections and Coping Skills

“We know that young children learn by playing with others,” said Marcantel. “They learn how to take turns, how to be kind to others and how to respond when someone acts rude. Children practice these social and emotional skills in the classroom.” Parents can find new and old ways to nurture these skills, including arranging a virtual play time with their child’s friends, encouraging their child to talk to friends on the phone or writing letters and sending notes by mail. “Older children and teenagers struggle, too,” said Marcantel. “Acknowledge their feelings and allow them to grieve the loss of formative experiences, such as canceled extracurriculars and sports. Encourage them to continue to communicate with friends.” Marcantel regularly cautions parents not to forget about their own needs and reminds them they are doing the best they can in challenging circumstances. “It's important to have reasonable expectations for yourself as a parent,” said Marcantel. “You're going to get tired and frustrated at times. Be gentle with yourself. This is a big challenge. Offer yourself patience and grace.” Visit our website to learn more about Baptist Memorial Hospital for Women. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

Testing is critical to slowing the spread of COVID-19. We sat down with Dr. Stephen Threlkeld, an infectious disease specialist and epidemiologist who works with Baptist Memorial Hospital-Memphis, to find out what you need to know about COVID-19 testing—including if and when you should get tested.

Q: Who should get tested?

A: Anyone who has symptoms and anyone who has been exposed to an individual who has tested positive for coronavirus should get tested. Targeted testing of asymptomatic people is very important because it helps determine where the virus is in our community. Recently, it’s been harder for health care labs across the country to obtain the reagents, or chemicals, required to run tests. Every lab in America is having a problem meeting the demand for tests. For a while in Memphis, there was more supply than demand. That's changed recently. We need to test more people. At the same time, we are trying to educate people on when they don't have to be tested.

Q: Should I get tested before visiting my parents?

A: Many different variables go into this kind of decision. Yes, it's reasonable to test someone before he or she is around elderly or at-risk parents. It's also very reasonable to try to avoid being around them in the first place. A test today does not mean that you can't come down with the infection more than two days from now. We don't have to do advanced math to determine their statistical likelihood of getting infected from us if we're not in the same house with them.

Q: Do I need a negative test before going back to work?

A: Some companies might require a negative test before allowing you to return to work. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has suggested using a time-based option instead. If your symptoms have been present for at least 10 days, and you are much improved for at least one day—whichever is longer, then you are safe to go back to work. This includes having no fever or having to use Tylenol, Motrin, etc., to get your fever down. This is important because after about nine days, we really don’t find that you shed virus that is contagious to somebody else.

Q: Should you keep getting tested after you’ve tested positive?

A: We don't routinely recommend that you get tested again after you test positive. We do insist that you isolate yourself from others after you’ve tested positive. People who test positive fall into two categories: those who are asymptomatically positive and those who had symptoms and got tested because of those symptoms. If you don’t have symptoms but test positive during a screening, you will need to isolate for 10 days after the date that you tested positive. If you get a test because you have symptoms, then you need to isolate for at least 10 days from the time your symptoms began. You also need to show at least three days of significant improvement in those symptoms. If you feel fine by day seven, you can come out of isolation by day 10 of your symptoms. If you are still sick, you might have to stay in isolation until you improve significantly for at least three days.

Q: Why do people continue to test positive after recovering from COVID-19? Does this mean you still have it?

A: The main test—a polymerise chain reaction, also called a PCR test—looks for a very tiny piece of RNA. That's the messenger material that handles the genetic information of the virus. Humans have DNA, but this virus uses RNA. As the immune system tackles the virus, the virus gets digested or chopped up into little pieces by the immune system. After 10–17 days, the particles you cough up or have in your nasal passages are not a whole virus. They are little pieces of virus that can’t infect somebody else. The PCR test can pick up those tiny pieces of RNA in your nose—sometimes for weeks after the infection. Fragments of the virus are not a danger to others, and they can't translate into an infection. It takes a lot more than those little pieces to make you or other people sick.

Q: Should I get antibody testing?

A: Antibody tests check your blood by looking for antibodies, which may tell you if you had a past infection with the virus that causes COVID-19. In general, antibody testing is more helpful for analyzing how this virus affects large groups of people than it is for looking at one individual. False positives can occur with antibody testing in individuals. We don’t want antibody tests to give people a false sense of security or think that they can safely be around people who may have the virus. We still don’t know how or if antibodies protect people. You would not change your behavior based on receiving a positive antibody test. You should still wear a mask and practice social distancing.

Q: What’s the difference between antibody testing and PCR testing?

A: PCR tests determine if you have the virus right now. Antibody tests can help determine if you had the virus in the past. Typically, it takes two weeks for your body to produce enough antibodies to make a positive test. By the time most people test positive for antibodies, they don't need isolation anymore. However, it is still very important to continue wearing masks and practicing social distancing.

Q: Is there a new test?

A: Scientists are working on a variety of different tests. We don't have a new test available yet that is as good as the PCR test. We have some tests that are more rapid, but they aren't as sensitive.

Q: What is pool testing?

A: Pool testing combines samples from five to 10 people to make one batch test. Health care professionals analyze the batch to see if anyone in that group tests positive for the virus. If there are no positives in the batch, you don’t have to test those 10 people anymore. If the batch returns a positive result, all 10 samples must be tested individually. Pool testing can save time and resources when the positivity rate is below 10–15%.

Q: What else should people know about testing?

A: If you are not sure if you should be tested, check with your doctor. Those who have been exposed or those who have symptoms indicative of COVID-19 need to be tested. As we move forward, we need to continue to develop strategies for testing vulnerable populations, such as kids and teachers in schools and people in vulnerable workplaces—like hospitals. It's important to not only test and document that your workplace is safe, but also to identify pockets of infection that might spread to others. Strategic testing is very important for keeping schools and businesses safe. Visit our website to learn more about COVID-19. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

The coronavirus pandemic is stressful for many people — from health care professionals and service industry workers to educators, students, retirees and others. The topic is on every television channel and part of every conversation. Information about the disease can start to feel overwhelming. As you take steps to prioritize your physical health and safety, including practicing diligent handwashing and social distancing, you may feel mentally and emotionally drained. Here are some ways to help you stay calm, connected and less stressed during this uncertain time.

Recognize Your Symptoms and Find Support

The first step to managing stress is to recognize your symptoms. According to Dr. Tracey Johnson, assistant director of the CONCERN Employee Assistance Program, an always-on, heightened level of stress can lead to a range of negative health effects, including changes in sleep or eating patterns, difficulty sleeping or concentrating, worsening of chronic health problems and increased use of alcohol, tobacco or other drugs. [foogallery id="3648"]

Dr. Tracey Johnson

“At CONCERN, we have received many calls related to stress about the coronavirus and the illness it causes, called COVID-19,” said Johnson. CONCERN provides unlimited, free and confidential counseling for Baptist’s team members and anyone living with them. CONCERN also provides training, crisis response and conflict resolution. “People feel very uncertain right now,” said Johnson. “Work stress is an issue for many people. However, it’s good that they are reaching out to us instead of struggling without help.” Unfortunately, stress can be worse for people who are at a higher risk of getting COVID-19, including people who are 60 years old and older and people with pre-existing conditions, such as patients with cancer or a weakened immune system. “High-risk populations, especially, must practice social distancing,” said Johnson. “However, we do not want total isolation for these individuals. They should not cut themselves off from interacting with people in other ways — such as through phone calls and video chats.” Johnson said health care professionals must also take steps to recognize and manage their stress. “While they are used to responding during crisis situations, it is still critical for health care professionals to prevent excessively long shifts, maintain breaks for meals and snacks, and find mental health support when they need it,” said Johnson.

Let Go of What You Cannot Control

You may unknowingly add to your stress by trying to control elements that are beyond your grasp. While it may be easy to slip into a worst-case scenario mindset, Johnson encourages people to stay in the present moment. “Address what is right in front of you,” said Johnson. “If you are a health care worker, continue to follow strategic plans that allow you to care for patients while you are at work. When you are away from work, make time for self-care. One is not more important than the other — in fact, if one is lacking, the other suffers.” There are many things you can control during a public health crisis, such as how you advise loved ones about safety precautions, how you practice social distancing and how you spend your free time. “These things may seem minor, but during a stressful time, everything we do matters,” said Johnson. “You can’t control how long this will last, so take it one day at a time. Use wisdom and stay prayerful.”

Set a Good Example

Many parents and guardians wonder how to talk to children and teenagers about the coronavirus pandemic. “Your children will follow your lead,” said Johnson. “If you are overly anxious, they may be anxious, too. If you minimize or brush off this ordeal, they may not take it as seriously. Both of those reactions are two extremes. As a parent or guardian, you want to land somewhere in the middle.” Johnson recommends specific ways to reassure children without worrying them. “Start by believing what is true and sharing that truth with your child if they are old enough to understand,” said Johnson. “COVID-19 is a virus that we don’t know much about. However, we do know that if we wash our hands, practice social distancing and limit traveling outside the home — except for work, exercise and food — we minimize our risk greatly.” It is also important to monitor and limit access to news and social media. Too much information or misinformation can be harmful to children. “This is a time when adults and children need to be rule followers — not rebels,” said Johnson.

Follow a Routine

Our bodies feel comforted when we engage in routine activities. “You may not be able to go to the gym, but you can find a safe, low-traffic area to walk, jog or run,” said Johnson. “You can find a place inside your home to do planks or yoga.” Just as you create routines with exercise for your physical body, do the same for your mental health. Calm your thoughts by setting aside time for thinking, meditating or journaling. “Listen to some relaxing music, draw or paint,” said Johnson. “Laughter is another great way to reduce stress. Watch your favorite comedy show or movie.”

Remember That This Will Not Last Forever

The coronavirus pandemic may change how we work, exercise and care for each other for now. Social distancing is a current necessity — but it will not last forever. “There is a difference between being alone and being lonely,” said Johnson. “Think of your time at home now as healthy alone time.” Read the book you have been putting off, download educational podcasts, catch up on recorded shows on your DVR or pull out board games for family fun. “Reconnect with yourself and loved ones,” said Johnson. “Look at social distancing as an opportunity to spend time with people who matter most in your life — and that includes you.” To learn more about COVID-19 and get Mid-South coronavirus updates, visit our Coronavirus Resource Center. Visit our website to learn more about CONCERN Employee Assistance Program services or to find support.

The new coronavirus disease, called COVID-19, is concerning for many people, especially patients with compromised immune systems and their families. Patients who are immunocompromised have a reduced ability to fight infections because their immune systems are often weakened by a health condition, such as cancer, diabetes or an inherited disease. It is important that immunocompromised patients and their families take precautions to lower their risk for COVID-19. We sat down with Dr. Muhammad Raza, a Baptist Medical Group physician who specializes in hematology and oncology, to discuss what cancer patients and people with weakened immune systems can do to prevent getting sick.

Q: What should immunocompromised people know about coronavirus?

A: This coronavirus is a novel, or new, virus. Our scientific information about the virus is limited right now. However, we know from other countries, including China and Italy, that it is highly contagious. Immunocompromised people, older adults and people who have severe underlying chronic medical conditions — such as heart or lung disease or cancer, seem to be at a higher risk for developing more serious complications from COVID-19. While healthy people may only display mild symptoms when infected, immunocompromised and cancer patients get a serious or aggressive form of this disease. The survival rate is lower in these patients.

Q: What should they do to protect themselves?

A: Follow recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and your local health department. The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to the virus, which is thought to spread by person-to-person contact and through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person sneezes or coughs. Protect yourself by avoiding contact with other people. Everyone should follow social distancing guidelines, especially cancer patients and people with weakened immune systems. Additionally, wash your hands often with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds. If you don’t have soap and water available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.

Q: What places should they avoid?

A: Avoid public places, such as grocery stores, restaurants, libraries, public transportation and other crowded spaces. This guideline is true for everyone, but it is extra true for immunocompromised patients. Cancer patients and people who have weak immune systems should stay home too.

Q: What should their family and friends do?

A: Family and friends should follow the same precautions, including observing strict handwashing measures, practicing social distancing and staying home as much as possible. Early studies show people can transfer this virus in the first five days of infection before they even know they have the virus. A family member could be a carrier for this virus and transmit it to an immunocompromised person without knowing it. That is why it is extremely important for family and friends to take precautions so as not to expose themselves and others who are at a higher risk of getting COVID-19.

Q: Where can people find out more information?

A: Because this is a rapidly evolving situation, people can visit Baptist’s Coronavirus Resource Center, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website or their local health department website for the most up-to-date information. I cannot emphasize it enough — wash your hands, use hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol, and avoid social gatherings and nonessential travel. Visit our Coronavirus Resource Center to learn more about COVID-19 and get Mid-South coronavirus updates and resources. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

Your well-being starts with caring for what’s most important — yourself. Learning how to focus on your own mental and physical health can help you combat anxiety, reduce stress and stay fit. From a quick workout to a simple act of kindness or a personal indulgence, every action you take that makes your life and world a little better brings major benefits to your overall mental and physical well-being. Here’s a list of 10 things you can do to care for yourself.

1. Eat Healthy

When you feel stressed, food can be your ally or your enemy. The food we eat significantly affects our minds and bodies. Avoid unhealthy foods that make you feel bad or stressed, including sugar, processed carbohydrates, alcohol and caffeine. Instead, add fruits and vegetables to brighten up your diet and overall well-being. “Adopt the mindset of eating to live, not living to eat,” said Dr. Tracey Johnson, assistant director for the CONCERN Employee Assistance Program. “You’re more likely to make poor choices when you shop impulsively. Carve out time to write a grocery list and make healthy choices. You’ll feel satisfied physically and mentally.”

2. Exercise Regularly

From a brisk walk to yoga to a vigorous workout, exercise stimulates blood flow and endorphins, which are chemicals that trigger positive feelings in the body. As a form of self-care, regular exercise not only helps you maintain a healthy weight but also boosts your energy and mood. “Add exercise to your schedule — maybe three times a week or a little every day,” said Johnson. “Park your car farther away or take the stairs instead of the elevator. Even getting 10,000 steps per day is a huge benefit to physical health.”

3. Rest

Sleep affects how you feel and can even cause health issues. To promote better sleep, make sure your nightly routine is free of distractions, caffeine, bright lights and screens. A full night of sleep refreshes the mind and body. “Sleep helps you build energy for memory, emotion and learning during your waking hours,” said Johnson. “It’s a gift to yourself to get a full night’s sleep.” To feel refreshed throughout the day, Johnson recommends sitting still and paying attention to your breathing and heartbeat for five minutes.

4. Put Down Your Phone

The number of smartphone users in the world now totals 3.5 billion. Although technology helps you get to your destination and stay connected with far-away friends, it also has serious health effects, such as brain fatigue, eye strain, neck pain, sleep disruption and shortened attention span. Try a digital detox. Instead of checking your timeline, talk directly to a friend or coworker. Turn off notifications, don’t take your phone to meals, and schedule time for answering emails and returning calls.

5. Have Fun

Life is to be enjoyed, so do something you normally wouldn’t do or indulge a guilty pleasure. Some people dance, draw, ride a bike, write in a journal or bake. Others may reminisce with old photographs or plan a party with family and friends.

6. Get Involved

“Volunteering is a positive way to feel connected to your community,” said Johnson. “You may discover that you get more back than you put out.” To improve happiness, give your time to causes you care about, such as volunteering as a dog walker at an animal shelter or spending time with residents at a retirement home. When volunteer activities don’t fit into your schedule, try donating resources, such as clothing, housewares or food. “Someone else gets blessed, but you also get blessed in return,” said Johnson.

7. Be Nice to Someone

Kindness releases feel-good hormones called serotonin. Kindness helps us relate to others and craft stronger relationships with family, friends and strangers. In addition to boosting serotonin levels, small acts of kindness can help relieve anxiety. It doesn’t matter if it’s to a friend or a complete stranger, say or do something nice. It feels better every time you do it.

8. Treat Yourself

Buy yourself flowers, attend a concert, eat dessert first or even get a massage. You know what you like — do it!

9. Clean and Organize

Whether it’s piles of paper, laundry or random items, clutter can be stressful. “We become attached to tangible things,” said Johnson. “Sometimes, we live with clutter for so long we forget that it’s just taking up space. It’s nice to see the surface of your desk or the bottom of a messy drawer.” Decluttering your home or workspace helps declutter your mind, too. Organizing can be an exercise in gratitude for the items you own. It’s a time to pause and give thanks for what you have.

10. Repeat

Whether it’s once a day, week or month, take time to remember how important it is to care for yourself. Start by looking for small ways to incorporate self-care into your routine. Find an activity you enjoy and repeat it often. Johnson acknowledges that self-care isn’t always easy. Most of us are too consumed with work, busy family schedules and technology to make time for ourselves. “You’re not being selfish when you practice self-care,” said Johnson. “Many people don’t realize self-care is a necessity. If you don’t take care of yourself, you can’t be there for others in a real and meaningful way. When you practice self-care, you’re truly able to live a full life.” Visit our website to learn more. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

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Dr. Stephen Threlkeld

A new strain of virus that originated in China is spreading quickly. It has caused great concern in China and the world, following the first cases of the disease in centrally located Wuhan. The disease has resulted in a number of deaths, and new cases have already been confirmed in the United States. As more facts about the virus emerge, health officials urge people to take the usual cold and flu precautions. To help answer your questions and concerns about this disease, we talked to Dr. Stephen Threlkeld, an infectious disease specialist and epidemiologist who works with Baptist Memorial Hospital.

Q: What is 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), also known as coronavirus?

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses found in many animals, including humans. Chinese health officials identified a new coronavirus on Jan. 7, 2020. The strain, called 2019-nCoV, had not been previously identified in humans.

Q: Is it easy for humans to contract coronavirus?

Some types of coronavirus infect humans already and typically cause mild illness, such as the common cold. On rare occasions, humans can contract other types of coronavirus from animals — these strains can lead to more serious diseases, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Early data suggest the 2019-nCoV strain of coronavirus spreads between two humans through tiny droplets when a person coughs or sneezes — much like other members of the coronavirus family, such as SARS and MERS.

Q: Have there been any confirmed cases of coronavirus in the Mid-South?

Right now, we don’t have any confirmed cases of coronavirus in the Mid-South. There is no evidence of large scale human-to-human infection outside of China. The World Health Organization continues to watch the situation closely and will make recommendations as more data become available. The virus remains a low-risk threat to Americans at present. It’s still early to be concerned about contracting coronavirus in or around the Mid-South.

Q: What are the symptoms of coronavirus?

Symptoms of coronavirus include fevers, cough and breathing difficulties.

Q: Who is most at risk of becoming severely ill from coronavirus?

As with many respiratory infections, people who are most likely to become ill include patients with underlying heart and lung conditions. Additionally, young children and older adults are at increased risk.

Q: Who is most at risk of contracting coronavirus?

Individuals who have been to the infected area in China — Wuhan city in Hubei province — within the last 14 days are most at risk of contracting coronavirus. If you have been exposed to a person under investigation by health care professionals for coronavirus, you are also at increased risk of contracting the virus.

Q: What should you do if you think you have coronavirus?

Contact your doctor’s office. It’s also important to notify your doctor’s office before arriving for your appointment so office staff members can take steps to prevent the spread of the virus to other patients in the office. Additionally, wear a surgical mask if you think you may have contracted coronavirus. Evidence suggests that wearing a mask can help protect others around you from getting sick.

Q: How can you protect yourself from coronavirus?

Individuals who wish to protect themselves from coronavirus should take caution if they travel to Wuhan, China. Practice good health habits, including washing your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds — especially after contact with surfaces such as doorknobs, shopping carts and light switches. It’s always a good idea to protect yourself against health threats that already exist. Start by getting your flu shot. It’s likely the flu will kill thousands more people this year than coronavirus. While a flu shot doesn’t offer direct protection against coronavirus, statistics show it’s a good way to protect yourself from respiratory illness in general. Visit our website to learn more about Baptist Memorial hospitals. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

Spring is a time for long walks, picnics and yard work. For 36 million Americans, spring also signals allergy season. As global temperatures rise, pollen and tree allergens last longer and may trigger more intense symptoms. People who are prone to allergies can follow a few steps to minimize their symptoms and find relief.

Seasonal Allergy Symptoms

Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance, such as pollen, grass or mold. According to Dr. Mark Castellaw, medical director at Baptist Medical Group, seasonal allergy symptoms are similar to the common cold and include itchy eyes, runny nose, congestion and sometimes cough. “Before assuming you have allergies, get evaluated by your doctor,” said Castellaw. “A physical exam and current blood work rule out more serious conditions, such as chronic sinus infection or sinus polyps. If discharge from your nose is yellow or green, that's usually an indication of an infection. Once your doctor eliminates infection and serious sinus conditions, it's probably allergies.”

Do-It-Yourself Allergy Protection

Allergy sufferers can make several lifestyle changes to keep uncomfortable symptoms at bay. “On days when the pollen count is high — especially in April, May and June — the best thing to do is stay indoors,” said Castellaw. “Keep the windows closed, use the air conditioning and make sure the filters are changed regularly. Pollen caught in air filters circulates in the house and becomes an irritant.” Allergy maps, such as the National Allergy Map from Pollen.com, help users see allergy levels and pollen count forecasts in different areas of the country. Allergy alert apps can send in-depth insights to your smartphone to help you plan when to spend a day indoors. If you must go outside to exercise or work in the yard, Castellaw recommends wearing a protective mask and changing clothes as quickly as possible. “You may not always see it, but your clothes have pollen on them,” said Castellaw. “If you sit in the easy chair before changing clothes and showering, you’re inoculating where you sit with pollen and stirring up a problem.” In addition to maintaining pollen-free clothes, Castellaw cautions not to forget about pets who go outside during the spring and summer months. “Pets carry pollen, ragweed and grasses on their fur — just like we do on our clothing,” said Castellaw. “It's very important to brush or bathe your dogs and cats when they come back inside. Otherwise, they spread allergens to carpet, furniture and clothing.”

Managing Allergies With Medication

It’s difficult to completely avoid seasonal allergens when the air is thick with pollen. For most allergy sufferers, over-the-counter medications and nasal sprays provide welcome relief. “Over-the-counter medication is a simple way to alleviate allergies — as long as it doesn't interact with your prescription medicine, especially blood pressure medications,” said Castellaw. “Always check with your doctor to find out if it’s safe for you to take nonprescription Allegra, Claritin or Zyrtec.” Steroid sprays like Flonase and Nasacort are also available without a prescription. Patients with severe symptoms can see an allergist to determine if allergy shots may be necessary to find relief. “For most people, over-the-counter steroid nose sprays and non-drowsy antihistamines are very effective at relieving watery eyes, itchy noses, mucus production and sneezing,” said Castellaw. Learn more about Baptist's ear, nose and throat services, or find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

For many patients, it’s unsettling to return home after a stay in the hospital. At the hospital, teams of trained nurses and staff provide around-the-clock care and monitoring—but at home, patients must care for themselves. It’s not uncommon to feel anxious or unprepared for the transition. To address concerns and improve the patient experience, Baptist Memorial Health Care recently created a patient discharge call center. “We consider our centralized call center to be a patient safety initiative,” said Suzanne Harvey, system director for care coordination and the post-discharge call center. “We want to show empathy for our patients—empathy and safety are our main goals when we call.”

Eliminating Fears With a Phone Call

Years of research and assessments identified opportunities to meet patients’ needs at home—and avoid potential readmission to the hospital. Baptist’s nurses at the discharge call center work to ensure patients feel comfortable, confident and safe at home after a hospital stay. “We started with one call nurse on one unit at Baptist Memorial Hospital-Memphis,” said Harvey. “Our first nurse, LaToya Harris, RN, was making 30 to 40 calls per day. We've gradually increased to the entire hospital in Memphis and began making discharge calls for Baptist DeSoto patients as of April 1.” Post-discharge phone calls provide many benefits, including a reduction in medication errors. The names of prescription medicines can be long and complex with multiple brand names for the same product. According to Harvey, follow-up calls can eliminate uncertainty around prescriptions. “Even though Baptist’s nurses explain patients’ medications to them before they leave the hospital, they may be anxious or distracted,” said Harvey. “They're thinking about who is going to take them home, who is going to stay with them and if they have food at home. They may retain just a small percentage of information the nurses give them.” Once they return home, patients may not recognize the label on their new medication bottle and begin to worry.   “It's the same medication but with a different name,” said Harvey. “Call center nurses reach out, ask questions and stop patients from taking the same medication twice. We want you to feel satisfied and confident in your ability to care for yourself.”

Providing Life-saving Resources to Patients

Follow-up calls not only give Baptist’s nurses an opportunity to identify trends for improvement but also provide a sense of empathy for patients’ well-being. “When patients answer the call, we ask if they know how to care for themselves now that they are home,” said Harvey. “We ask if they have everything they need for recovery, including people to help care for them, follow-up prescriptions and transportation to their follow-up appointment.” Post-discharge calls can dramatically affect the lives of Baptist’s patients. This is especially true for individuals who have fixed or low incomes. “One of our patients went home and found out he could not afford his medications,” said Harvey. “The call center nurse spoke to his mother, who is his caretaker, and discovered the medication was only $1.50. We were able to call the pharmacy and ask them to waive the co-pay for this patient. We also asked them to mail it to him, because it was a hardship for the patient to travel.”

Creating Value Across the Mid-South

An additional discharge patient call center is planned for Baptist DeSoto in May 2019. The expansion will be launched in phases with a goal of six call nurses making post-discharge calls for Baptist Memphis, Baptist DeSoto, Baptist North Mississippi and NEA Baptist. Discharge call centers for Baptist’s regional hospitals will launch in phases through 2020. “We want you to know we care about you and your recovery,” said Harvey. “We want you to have what is necessary for you to take care of yourself at home. And if you don't have it, we want to help you get it.” Learn more about the centralized patient discharge call center at Baptist. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

For decades, people have taken a daily aspirin to prevent heart attack and stroke. However, according to new research, taking a low-dose aspirin every day does not prolong the lives of healthy, older adults. A new clinic trial, called ASPREE, also found taking a daily aspirin increases rates of major hemorrhage, or bleeding, in adults who are 70 years old and older. To help you understand the new guidelines, including who should take a low-dose aspirin and its potential risks, we sat down with Dr. James Klemis, interventional cardiologist with Stern Cardiovascular Foundation.

Q: What did researchers learn about low-dose daily aspirin?

“A team of scientists looked at trial participants who never had heart issues or cardiovascular events,” said Klemis. “The old way of thinking was that everybody should take aspirin—it was thought to be good for everybody. However, new evidence found low-dose daily aspirin should not be prescribed to most adults who are in good cardiovascular health. For patients who don’t have risk factors for heart disease, the risk outweighs the benefits.”

Q: What is the risk of taking daily aspirin?

“In general, long-term aspirin use thins the blood,” said Klemis. “There can be an increased risk of bleeding in some people. For example, the most common place you lose blood is through the gastrointestinal tract.” If patients are concerned about internal bleeding or anemia, they can ask their doctor to check their blood count.

Q: Who should still take daily aspirin?

People who have heart disease or multiple risk factors, such as diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, should continue to take daily aspirin. Additional risk factors include being overweight, smoking and living a sedentary lifestyle. “If you have heart disease, coronary artery disease or vascular disease—continue to take daily aspirin,” said Klemis. “There’s no question. Don't stop taking it, particularly if you’ve had stents or bypass surgery. If you have risk factors for heart disease, but you've never had a heart event, talk to your primary care doctor. He or she can compare your risks to the guidelines and discuss a plan with you.” For patients with a moderate or unknown risk of heart disease, doctors can perform a coronary heart scan, also called a heart calcium test. The test checks for plaque buildup—an indicator of cardiovascular health. “A heart calcium test is a CT scan that looks at the arteries,” said Klemis. “It can detect early plaque buildup before a patient has a blockage or heart attack. Typically, patients with a positive calcium score show early signs of heart disease. If patients have a positive calcium score, I will treat them with daily low-dose aspirin and another prevention medication, such as a statin.”

Q: Who should stop taking daily aspirin?

“If you don't have risk factors for heart disease and you're getting regular checkups, you probably don't need to take daily aspirin,” said Klemis. “Healthy adults who are 70 years old or older should not take daily aspirin if their reason is ‘just because’—especially if they have an increased risk of bleeding. Instead, consider making behavioral and lifestyle changes to ensure heart health.”

Q: What lifestyle changes can help lower the risk of cardiovascular disease?

“The American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association provide guidelines for lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease,” said Klemis. “The most important way to prevent cardiovascular disease is adopting healthy habits, including physical activity. The guidelines recommend exercising five days a week for 30 minutes each day.” In addition to regular exercise, Klemis and others recommend limiting calorie intake, avoiding sugar and processed foods, and continuing to maintain regular checkups with a primary care doctor. Learn more about heart and vascular care at Baptist. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

More people than ever before are being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the United States, about 1 in 59 children has been identified with ASD, and it is four times more common among boys than girls. Despite its prevalence in children and adults, autism remains a mysterious condition to many Americans. To promote a greater understanding of autism spectrum disorder, we sat down with Dr. Candice Crewse, a pediatrician at River City Pediatrics in Memphis, Tennessee.

Autism Symptoms and Early Detection

The autism spectrum refers to a range of abilities, symptoms and levels of functioning—from severe to gifted. Some children and adults need little to no support, while others require considerable assistance with basic tasks such as communication. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, individuals diagnosed with ASD have varying degrees of learning, thinking and problem-solving abilities. For children with autism, symptoms begin early and last throughout life. “Typically, children begin to display autism symptoms from ages 1 to 2.5 years old,” said Crewse. “They may fixate on one toy, avoid eye contact and fail to develop verbal communication skills. Many children with autism develop repetitive behaviors and social and communication problems around age 3.”

Social Impairment and Communication Difficulties

Individuals with autism may be nonverbal or struggle with communication issues—including misunderstanding personal space or boundaries, resisting physical contact and not sharing interests with others. “Children with autism appear to live in their own world or environment,” said Crewse. “Communication and social situations are challenging for them. Often, they're not interested in playing with other kids. They don't imitate their parents’ actions—like clapping or waving. They don't make a lot of eye contact.”

Repetitive Behaviors and Stimming

“Many kids who are autistic are also resistant to change,” said Crewse. “They don't do well with broken routines. Depending on a child’s level on the autism spectrum, disturbances in his or her normal routine can cause meltdowns.” In addition to routine disruptions, sensory disorders also affect many people with autism. Noise, light, textures and smells can be overwhelming. Self-stimulatory behavior calms and regulates the senses. “Some children and adults do repetitive behaviors, called stereotypies or stimming, where they flap their hands, rock from side to side or twirl,” said Crewse. Stimming is a tool for managing strong emotions—such as anger, fear, anxiety, excitement or anticipation. Discouragement from stimming causes more distress for people with autism.

Causes, Diagnosis and Intervention 

The cause of autism is still unknown, but scientists believe genes and environment may play a role. Family and identical twin studies indicate a possible genetic predisposition. While some parents fear vaccinations increase the risk for autism, multiple peer-reviewed studies disprove this theory. “Vaccines are not linked to autism,” said Crewse. “Scientists have thoroughly studied immunizations. The link between vaccines and autism has been disproven time and time again. Vaccines are safe. They continue to try to find a cause that can help inform earlier autism diagnoses.” According to Crewse and the American Psychiatric Association, children should be screened for ASD at their 18- and 24-month checkups. “We give children an M-CHAT [Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers] questionnaire,” said Crewse. “It looks at their communication and social skills. Do they bring you something to show you? Do they look at your face and smile? If a child fails the screening, we refer him or her to a developmental specialist.” Many tools and therapies are available for children who are diagnosed with ASD, including speech therapy, occupational therapy and applied behavior analysis, an autism-specific therapy. “I tell parents and caregivers—if they are worried about an autism diagnosis for their child, if they don't want the label—once they have a diagnosis, children do much better when they get early help with therapies,” said Crewse. “They do better in school and socially as they get older.” Crewse adds that many people with ASD, including renowned scientists, artists and entrepreneurs, lead fulfilling lives. “It's not necessarily a bad thing that people with autism see the world in a different way—people like Dan Aykroyd, Anthony Hopkins and Dr. Temple Grandin, the autism spectrum disorder activist and animal scientist,” said Crewse. “People with autism have brains that function differently—and that can work to their advantage. Just because a child has an autism diagnosis doesn't mean that child can't be successful.” Learn more about leading-edge pediatric care services at the Spence and Becky Wilson Baptist Children’s Hospital. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

Immunizations make a vast contribution to global health. According to the World Health Organization, vaccines prevented at least 10 million deaths between 2010 and 2015. Dr. Stephen Threlkeld, infectious disease consultant and epidemiologist for the Baptist Heart Transplant program, discusses what you need to know about vaccinations, including why vaccines are safe and when to get them.

Who do vaccines help protect?

“Vaccines protect us all,” said Threlkeld. “While we're used to thinking of vaccines as protection for children, they protect adults from serious illness, too. They prevent you from transmitting an infectious disease to other people—particularly people who might have weak immune systems, such as infants, people with vaccine allergies and people with an immune-suppressing disease.” Immunizations typically start in infancy. Early childhood vaccinations are one of the best ways to protect children and others from life-threatening diseases. Children who do not finish the recommended number of vaccine doses or do not receive immunizations face serious risks. For example, in 2017 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention documented the first reported case of a child contracting tetanus in Oregon in more than 30 years. The case involved an unvaccinated 6-year-old boy who cut his forehead while playing outside. As a result, this child spent 57 days in the hospital, could not open his mouth and developed severe muscle spasms and hypertension. Thanks to vaccinations, cases like this are rare.

When should people get vaccines?

The need for vaccines varies throughout a person’s life. Dr. Threlkeld suggests parents and adults consult their doctors for a vaccination schedule, or visit CDC’s website for a list of vaccines organized by age and population or condition. The site includes vaccine schedules for infants and children, adults, health care workers, travelers, pregnant women and others.

How do people with weak immune systems benefit from others’ immunity?

“Herd immunity is a term used to describe indirect protection from infectious diseases,” said Threlkeld. “It occurs when a large percentage of a population is immunized.” Herd immunity makes it difficult for certain infectious diseases to spread from one person to another and provides a level of protection for adults and children who are not immune. “The more vaccinated people you have around a person with a poorly functioning immune system, the more protected they are going to be,” said Threlkeld. “However, when parents don't vaccinate their children, we lose some of that herd immunity. An unvaccinated child is a risk to themselves and others. When people aren't protected, more people are potentially exposed to infectious diseases.”

Are vaccines safe?

Vaccines are rigorously tested and evaluated in safety trials for years before receiving approval for infants, children and adults. The Food and Drug Administration licenses vaccines for public use only if they are safe and effective. “When you look at the measles vaccine and the fear of autism, those data have been extensively studied,” said Threlkeld. “There is no link between autism and vaccines. Many parents are afraid because the age at which children receive vaccinations is the age at which some children show signs of autism. It’s natural for parents to look for a link. However, it's been extensively studied and there's no evidence that vaccines cause autism.” Serious side effects from vaccines are extremely rare. For example, vaccine allergies may occur in 1 or 2 people out of 1 million doses of a vaccine. Common vaccine side effects include fever, shivering, headache and muscle or joint pain. “If you compare these side effects to the enormous protection that vaccines afford you, your family and the community, it's a statistical no brainer,” said Threlkeld. “Immunizations are designed to protect us.” Learn more about the importance of vaccination, or find a doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page. 

Now more than ever, genetic testing is widely available and affordable. Genetic testing uses family history and DNA to assess a person’s risk for certain diseases, such as cancer. With appropriate screening, prevention and early treatment, patients and their families can make informed choices about their health and take steps to reduce their cancer risk. Lorrell White, senior genetic counselor at Baptist Cancer Center, helps patients confirm or rule out a suspected gene mutation. She not only works to determine her patients’ likelihood of developing cancer or passing on cancer genes but also educates patients about human biology and what patients can do if they test positive for a gene mutation.

What is hereditary cancer?

If cancer is present in your family tree, you may be more likely to develop cancer. However, most cancers are related to smoking or other exposures, lack of exercise and an unhealthy diet. “In general, only about 5 to 10% of cancers are hereditary,” said White. “People in that small percentage inherit an abnormal gene—this doesn’t mean you’ll necessarily get cancer, but it means you’re much more likely to develop certain cancers because you have a hereditary cancer syndrome.”

How does family history play a role in genetic testing?

While genetic testing focuses on understanding an individual’s risk, genetic counselors need to examine the whole family tree. According to White, family histories offer important clues for finding inherited cancer genes. “The first thing we do at a genetic counseling appointment is assess the patient’s family history,” said White. “We take a three-generation pedigree, which includes siblings, parents, aunts and uncles—all the way back to grandparents.” In general, those at risk for an inherited cancer gene typically have some clues in their family history. This can include having several close family members who were diagnosed with certain cancers at a young age or with similar types of cancers, multiple primary cancers, rare cancers (such as male breast cancer or ovarian cancer) or a known gene mutation. “If you fit one or more of these criteria, or if you want to learn more about your risk for genetic disease, talk to your doctor about genetic testing,” said White.

How is genetic testing done?

“Genetic testing can be done by taking a saliva or blood sample,” said White. “Once we send your genetic sample to the lab, it takes about two to three weeks to get the test results back.” Taking a sample is only part of the process. Genetic counselors also make sure patients understand their options once they receive their test results. “Genetic counselors have training in genetics, biology, diseases and cancer genes—as well as counseling in general,” said White. “Everybody is different—everybody views information in a different way. For example, some people may be scared to learn this information. Genetic counselors provide clear information and guidance for their patients.”

Why is it important to identify cancer genes early?

According to White, early identification can lead to early prevention and treatment. “If we know a woman is predisposed to breast cancer, we will start breast imaging at a younger age and perform screening more often than in a woman who does not have a hereditary mutation,” said White. “We can watch patients closer. Hopefully, we’ll identify cancer early so that it’s easier to treat and cure.” In some cases, when a person has been identified with a hereditary cancer gene, doctors may recommend risk-reducing options, including surgery, medications and other treatments that can lower that person’s risk of developing cancer. “A woman at high risk for developing breast cancer may decide to have a mastectomy—which is a surgery that removes the majority of the breast tissue,” said White. “She has significantly reduced her risk of breast cancer. It doesn't mean that she can't get breast cancer, but now the risk is extremely low.”

Is genetic testing covered by insurance?

Most health insurance companies pay for genetic counseling sessions in which counselors assess family history and determine if genetic testing is necessary. If genetic counselors or doctors recommend genetic testing, patients can check with their group insurance to determine their level of coverage. Most insurance companies have genetic testing criteria for coverage. “Some patients also worry what their insurance company can do to them if they test positive for a gene mutation,” said White. “State and federal laws protect against insurance premium increases and prohibit employer discrimination based on your genetic information.” If you’re concerned about your family’s history of cancer, it’s important to carefully weigh the pros and cons of genetic testing to make an informed decision for you and your family. Meeting with a genetic counselor is recommended for anyone considering genetic testing. Learn more about the Genetic Counseling and Testing Center at Baptist Cancer Center. Find a Baptist doctor by visiting our Find a Physician page.

The number of confirmed cases of a rare, polio-like illness continues to rise among children in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 196 cases of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) were confirmed in 39 states in 2018. AFM primarily affects young children—however, the risk of getting it varies by age and calendar year with peaks occurring in late summer and fall. To help you learn more about this condition, we spoke with Dr. Jennifer Snow, medical director of the pediatric intensive care unit and department chair of pediatrics at the Spence and Becky Wilson Baptist Children’s Hospital.  

What is AFM, and what are the symptoms?

While several infectious diseases can cause weakness or paralysis, such as polio and West Nile virus, AFM is not caused by polio. According to Snow, the condition is serious but rare. “Though the CDC has been tracking cases of AFM since 2014, we still don’t know what causes it,” said Snow. “There were a few cases in 2014, 2016 and then again in 2018, which is why it’s been brought to media’s attention recently. But it is still very rare—about one in a million.” Though researchers and health care professionals continue to learn about the condition, parents and caregivers can monitor children for symptoms associated with AFM. According to Snow, AFM is usually preceded by an illness.  “Weakness typically follows a respiratory illness, and fever,” said Snow. “It specifically affects areas of the spinal cord and causes rapid onset weakness, typically in the arms and legs. Most patients experience loss of muscle tone and reflexes, and some have drooping eyes, facial weakness or difficulty swallowing and speaking.”

Is AFM contagious?

“Since we don't know the cause, it's hard to say with certainty if AFM is contagious or not,” said Snow. “It seems to follow the seasonal pattern of an infectious disease—it tends to peak in late summer or early fall.” According to Snow, that seasonality is consistent with other viruses, such as a group of enteroviruses that occur in the intestinal tract and cause polio and hepatitis A. “However, AFM is different because it doesn’t seem to be contagious,” said Snow. “We’ve seen reports where one child in a family has AFM, but his or her siblings don’t have it. So, while it doesn’t appear to be contagious, more research is required at this point in time.”

How is AFM diagnosed and treated?

Medical professionals diagnose AFM by examining a patient’s nervous system and reviewing MRI images of the spinal cord. “Sometimes it’s difficult to diagnose because AFM shares symptoms with other conditions,” said Snow. “Testing can help doctors rule out conditions like Guillain-Barre syndrome—a disorder where the immune system attacks the nerves.” Patients who are diagnosed with AFM receive early physical therapy and rehabilitation. “Beside supportive care, there's no specific treatment right now because we don’t know the cause,” said Snow. “Researchers have tried several treatment modalities, including steroids and medications called immune modulators, but none have been documented to be effective. However, experts are gathering a lot of data right now. Once a specific cause is identified, researchers will, hopefully, be able to determine an effective treatment.”

What are the prospects for recovery?

As researchers work to understand long-term outcomes for patients with AFM, health care professionals continue to monitor how children recover from the condition. “Some children have been documented to have a complete recovery,” said Snow. “However, other children have long-term deficits and severe weakness or paralysis of the arms, legs or respiratory muscles. Some patients require a tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation. But again, we don't have long-term data in terms of outcomes, including if those patients could eventually achieve complete recovery.” Because most AFM patients reported having a fever or respiratory illness before developing AFM, Snow advises parents and children to follow best practices for good personal hygiene to help decrease the risk of getting a viral infection. “If AFM is caused by a virus, there are steps you can take to lower the risk of viral infection, including encouraging children to cover their mouth when they cough or sneeze, maintain a healthy diet and wash their hands with soap and water. Hand washing is always an essential step to help prevent spreading germs.” Explore pediatric services at the Spence and Becky Wilson Baptist Children’s Hospital, including the pediatric intensive care unit and pediatric emergency room. Find a pediatrician by visiting our Find a Physician page.

Patients who have terminal illnesses and their loved ones tend to avoid talking about end-of-life plans. Stigma, misconceptions and emotional reluctance can keep families from asking about or pursuing hospice care. To better understand hospice care and how it helps patients and their loved ones, we spoke with Angela Hamblen Kelly, executive director of the Baptist Centers for Good Grief.

What is hospice care?

Hospice care focuses on providing humane and compassionate care for people in the last phases of incurable diseases. It helps them live as fully and comfortably as possible. According to the American Cancer Society, hospice care treats the person rather than the disease. Medical providers and hospice caregivers manage symptoms, so patients can maintain their dignity and comfort in the presence of loved ones. “Hospice care is family-centered because it gives patients and their loved ones the ability to make caregiving decisions that affect the whole family,” said Hamblen Kelly.

Who needs hospice care?

Hospice care is recommended for terminally ill patients who have a life expectancy of 6 months or less. It’s also advised for patients who no longer respond to curative treatments. Hospice provides access to supportive or palliative care—a treatment to help relieve symptoms but not cure the disease. Its main purpose is to improve quality of life. You, your family members and your doctor decide when hospice care should begin. “Sometimes the doctor, patient or family members resist hospice because they think it means giving up or that there’s no hope,” said Hamblen Kelly. If treatment isn’t working or treatment options have been exhausted, hospice care allows patients to make the best of each day during the last stages of advanced illness.

What are the benefits of hospice for loved ones?

Hospice provides a variety of supportive services, but patients and family members may prefer or need specific approaches to service, staffing patterns and types of care. The following hospice services provide comfort and support to both terminally ill patients and their loved ones:

1. Pain and symptom control: Manages discomfort, pain, nausea and other side effects to make patients comfortable
2. Spiritual care: Uses patients’ preferred religious beliefs to help them and their loved ones grieve, or organize a meaningful ceremony or ritual
3. Family meetings: Provide emotional support to family members while also offering information about patients’ conditions and what to expect
4. Coordination of care: Helps direct and supervise patients’ care across providers, facilities and community professionals, such as clergy and funeral directors
5. Bereavement care: Offers support to surviving loved ones and helps families through the grieving process

Hospice Services at Baptist

Baptist Memorial Health Care offers hospice care and services through Baptist Trinity Hospice and Baptist Reynolds Hospice House. “Baptist Reynolds Hospice House creates a home-like environment for you,” said Hamblen Kelly. “It does not feel like you're in a nursing home.” It’s a 24-bed facility that functions like a hospital but looks and feels like home. A devoted team of doctors, nurses, social workers and chaplains focus on maintaining the best possible quality of life by providing comfort, independence and dignity. It’s an optimal choice for home-like care when illnesses become too complex or difficult to manage at home.

Supporting Hospice Patients at Home

For some patients, in-home hospice care offers the most healing and comfort. In-home hospice through Baptist Trinity Hospice lets family caregivers attend to loved ones but provides around-the-clock care and monitoring when family members need to sleep, work or leave the home. Experienced hospice care teams at Baptist Trinity Hospice also provide emotional support and logistical guidance. When your loved one is ready to continue hospice at home, the Baptist Trinity Hospice teams help to make the home accessible and comfortable. “There is an element of emotional comfort that happens in the home,” said Hamblen Kelly. Regardless of the environment, Baptist Trinity Hospice works to honor the end of life with the same dignity and compassion as the beginning of life. “We want to give people and their family all that they need at the end of life,” said Hamblen Kelly. “Hospice is really an expression of love.”   Learn more about hospice care services at Baptist. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Physician page.

If you’re feeling nervous about a hospital stay or trip to the emergency department, you’re not alone. Many people feel anxious or stressed when they find themselves in need of medical assistance or a hospital stay. To help patients and their families feel more at ease, some Baptist Memorial hospitals offer pet therapy, also called animal-assisted therapy, during hospital stays to reduce stress, increase overall happiness and provide a sense of companionship. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, pets not only reduce stress but also lower blood pressure, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Baptist incorporates pet therapy into several areas, including pre-operative and post-operative settings, doctor’s lounges, medical-surgical and antepartum units, the pediatric emergency room, administrative offices and more.

What is animal-assisted therapy?

The pet therapy program at Baptist provides patients an opportunity to interact with well trained dogs and their owners. Volunteer handlers donate their time to help make patients feel comfortable in the hospital. “Our pet therapy program provides individuals with a few moments of escape from what can often be a very stressful situation,” said Missy Clifton, manager of guest services at Baptist Memorial Hospital for Women. “Pets and their owners come to visit weekly, typically on Tuesday afternoons.” According to Clifton, the dogs visit patients, staff and physicians. Unlike service dogs who are specially trained to help individuals with a disability, such as a visual impairment or mobility limitation, a therapy dog provides affection by allowing people to pet it and spend time with it. “Therapy animals sit near a patient’s bed, act as a furry friend for children and make everyone smile when they walk in the hallways,” said Clifton.

What are the benefits of therapy animals?

Animal-assisted therapy can help people with a range of health problems, including dementia, cancer, post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety and depression. “The presence of therapy animals in a hospital setting is known to lower blood pressure and bring on an overall feeling of calm,” said Clifton. “This can be very beneficial for our long-term guests or for those about to undergo a procedure. For our pediatric patients, it can provide a good distraction during a scary time.” Many therapy animals participate in training and certification courses. At Baptist, staff members take health and safety precautions before volunteer handlers and dogs enter a patient’s room. Therapy dog teams are escorted by hospital personnel to pre-screened patients in various areas of the hospital. “We check for allergies and the possibility of adverse reactions,” said Clifton. “Therapy dog teams visit for a maximum of two hours. The length of time for each interaction is determined by both the dog and the person they are visiting.” By welcoming trained dogs into the environment, Baptist aims to normalize the hospital experience for children and adults. The program is available on Baptist’s Memphis and Collierville campuses, including the Baptist Reynolds Hospice House. Clifton says the program provides therapeutic value to patients during their stay. “These animals are specifically trained to provide comfort to everyone they meet,” said Clifton. “These exceptional dogs are well-behaved, well-groomed animals that have such a calming effect on our patients, staff and guests.” Learn more about volunteer services and opportunities at Baptist. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Physician page.

Childhood obesity is a growing health concern among parents in the United States. To challenge obesity and overweight and encourage healthier behaviors among children, Baptist Memorial Health Care is partnering with Shelby County Schools and other not-for-profit organizations. Schools can enroll in the Commit to Fit challenge—an initiative designed to promote physical activity, healthy eating and first aid skills. “Commit to Fit is a community-wide health and fitness challenge that is open to schools in Shelby County,” said Cynthia Allen, system community involvement manager for Baptist Memorial Health Care. “The goal is to engage school leaders, our children and their families in fun wellness activities.”  Sponsors include Baptist Memorial Health Care, Shelby County Schools’ Coordinated School Health, the Shelby County Health Department, the Pink Palace Museum, Healthy Kids and Teens and B5210. The program aims to motivate students to get healthy and track their yearlong progress. “Schools can participate in friendly competition to improve student wellness,” said Allen. “At the end of the school year, there will be six winners. Each winning school will receive a $1,000 grant to enhance an approved existing health and wellness program, create a new program or purchase equipment for the well-being of students.”

Learning About Food Labels

“One of our Commit to Fit programs is the Learning Labels initiative, in which 25 classes come to the Pink Palace Museum to learn about healthy eating and nutrition,” said Allen. Funded by Baptist, the interactive classes help students learn about good and bad fats, simple and complex carbohydrates, portions and serving sizes, proteins and more. While children in grades 4–6 learn to make healthy food choices, teachers walk away from the program with curriculum information and ideas from Pink Palace Museum educators. According to Allen, community members benefit too. “We also have four toolkits at the Pink Palace Museum that are available for checkout year-round at no cost,” said Allen. “Individuals, community groups and schools can check out a toolkit to learn or better understand the components of nutrition labels.”

Running, Walking and Staying Smoke-free

Students participating in the Commit to Fit program must also get out and stay active. With support from the Shelby County Health Department, the School of Walk and Run of Tennessee challenges children to start walking or running clubs at school. “Participating schools receive a pedometer and a map to help students track their steps during physical activity,” said Allen. “The map showcases community landmarks, parks and the locations of colleges and universities. It not only promotes fitness but also local history and college readiness.” As part of their enrollment in Commit to Fit, students also take an anti-tobacco pledge to help make this generation the first smoke-free generation in history. The Shelby County Health Department initiative #WeDontPuff educates students about the health risks associated with tobacco and nicotine. “Tobacco is harmful for children, teens and adults,” said Allen. “Through Commit to Fit, this partnership educates Shelby County youth about the life-long consequences of smoking and vaping.”

Valuable Skills for Students and Families

Beyond physical activity, nutrition education and encouragement for living a smoke-free lifestyle, students who participate in the Commit to Fit challenge can get CPR training and learn first-aid skills. Sponsored by Baptist, this segment of the program teaches valuable skills early in life. “We want to empower students with life-saving skills and the training to take action in an emergency,” said Allen. While Commit to Fit gives students the opportunity to learn about safety and wellness at school, it also provides health-related events and activities for the whole family, such as family fitness nights, a Commit to Fit conference and wellness lectures. “Shelby County Schools’ Coordinated Health program will also host an event for families to get involved and support participating students,” said Allen. “Attendees can learn how to make health a priority for the family. When we come together, we can make a greater impact on the lives of our children.” To learn more about the Commit to Fit Challenge or to register your school, visit the Commit to Fit page. Learn more about pediatric services at Baptist, or find a doctor by visiting the Find a Physician page.

Caring for a loved one is fulfilling, but it can also be a complicated responsibility. According to the John A. Hartford Foundation, more than 18 million caregivers in the United States help an older loved one navigate the complexities of aging. Most caregivers receive no training or preparation, and many don’t know where to turn when they feel alone, confused or overwhelmed. At Baptist Memorial Health Care, doctors, nurses and staff provide quality care and resources for older adults and their families. To help you learn to thrive as a family caregiver, we spoke with Angela Hamblen Kelly, executive director of the Kemmons Wilson Family Center for Good Grief.

Take Care of Your Own Health

Caregivers help manage everything from prescriptions and meal plans to appointment schedules and more. As a caregiver, you may drive your loved one to religious events, help him or her exercise and assist with bathing or showering. Because these daily requirements take center stage, many caregivers ignore their own needs. “Caregiving is a physically demanding job,” said Hamblen Kelly. “Often, caregivers lack sleep and self-care. They may neglect their own nourishment, hydration and other physical needs because they’re focused on caring for someone else.” Hamblen Kelly tells caregivers to eat healthy meals, get enough sleep and exercise regularly. If you get adequate sleep but still feel exhausted, irritable or hopeless, talk to your doctor about signs of anxiety and depression. “Caring for a loved one has emotional impacts as well,” said Hamblen Kelly. “Some caregivers feel emotionally or spiritually confused. It’s not uncommon to lose sight of who you are or experience feelings of failure. If you begin to feel isolated or exhausted, pause and remember to take care of yourself.” Set aside time to process your feelings and tend to your emotional well-being. Write in a journal, confide in a trusted friend or mental health professional, or join an online support group where you can share your feelings in a safe environment.

Stay Organized

Keep track of daily caregiving responsibilities, such as assisting with personal care. Make a schedule for bathing, grooming, dressing and exercise. Write meal plans for easier shopping trips and meal preparation. Hamblen Kelly also recommends setting reminders in your phone or on a calendar, so you don’t miss an appointment, dose of medication or insurance payment. “Organization helps you fill your own tank with happiness and clarity, so you can continue to give,” said Hamblen Kelly. “Organization is critically important.”

Talk About Wishes and Concerns

As a caregiver, you may struggle with logistics and planning. The future can weigh on your mind—especially if your loved one has a life-limiting illness. Put your mind at ease by communicating freely with health care providers, supportive family members and your loved one. Be transparent and honest about what your loved one wants and needs. “Don’t wait until there's a crisis to talk about your loved one’s end-of-life requests,” said Hamblen Kelly. “I know a lot of families who have just said, ‘We're going to do it—we're going to have dinner and talk about these things.’ But in most situations, as the caregiver, you’ll need to initiate these important conversations to learn about your loved one’s health care wishes. Communicate openly and find out what’s important to them.”

Ask for Help

Many caregivers enjoy feeling needed—serving others provides fulfillment, happiness and a sense of purpose. However, it’s important to find a healthy balance handling the demands and responsibilities of caring for a family member. Seek out agencies, home health aides, hotlines, churches, friends and other family members who can relieve you when you need a break. “Don’t forget—you are not alone on this journey,” said Hamblen Kelly. “It’s OK to ask for help when you need it.” Learn about home care services at Baptist, including medication management and disease education for patients and caregivers. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Physician page.

Family and medical history tests help patients and doctors learn about potential illnesses. Recurring diseases or conditions in a family can signal an underlying genetic connection. For example, patients who have a close relative diagnosed with cancer at a young age may have an increased risk of also developing certain cancers. With advancements in genetic research, however, health care providers can more effectively identify diseases with a genetic connection—and help patients make more informed health care decisions. According to Lorrell White, senior genetic counselor at Baptist Cancer Center, advancements in genetic testing help doctors and physicians identify patients with a higher than usual chance of developing common disorders, such as heart disease, high cholesterol and certain cancers.

Preventing Disease With Genetic Testing

At Baptist Cancer Center, patients can work with a genetic counselor to determine if they have an increased risk for hereditary cancer. First, a detailed family history is taken to identify family members who have cancer, the types of cancer they have and their ages when diagnosed. Then, genetic testing is discussed. “Once we appropriately identify patients with a strong family history of hereditary cancer syndromes, my goal is to offer genetic testing,” said White. Using a sample of blood or saliva, genetic counselors test a person’s DNA to identify gene mutations that increase that individual’s risk of developing certain cancers. “We test genes in the body to define various changes,” said White. “Sometimes these changes are bad and can show a person’s increased risk for a specific disease or inherited syndrome, such as a higher risk of developing certain cancers.” Baptist Cancer Center works with patients who may be at risk for hereditary cancer, but genetic testing also is available for other conditions, such as heart disease, high cholesterol and more. 

Genetic Testing vs. Ancestry Testing

While genetic and ancestry tests both use a saliva sample to test DNA, a clinical genetic test can accurately identify certain disease risks based on gene mutations. Alternately, ancestry tests—such as 23andMe and AncestryDNA—are an increasingly popular method for learning about your family’s background and migration patterns through DNA. Some online ancestry kits advertise health screenings, but according to White, disease predictions based on these tests remain limited. “The connection between genetic makeup and disease is clear, however, ancestry tests are limited to determining what regions or countries your ancestors came from,” said White. “Ancestry testing is useful to find out what part of the world you’re from, but if you want to find out your risk for cancers, diabetes or heart disease, you should pursue clinical genetic testing.” Patients who want to learn about potential health risks can find out more by speaking with a genetic counselor and undergoing clinical genetic testing. “It’s fun to take ancestry tests,” said White. “But when someone walks through my door with their results, I still need to do the clinical genetic testing to get accurate results.”

The Future of Genetic Testing

As scientists continue to study DNA, genetics will play an increasingly central role in disease diagnosis and become more integrated into the medical system. “Genetic testing helps health care providers deliver more proactive and preventive care,” said White. “With greater accuracy and clearer insights from clinical genetic testing, physicians will be able to determine better treatments, especially when prescribing medications.” Research shows how genetics can predict the risks for certain diseases. Similarly, genetics may also predict which medications will have the desired effect with the least side effects. A genetic test that determines this information is called a pharmacogenetics test. “In the future, if a patient has depression and anxiety or some other condition that may require medications, we could do a pharmacogenetic test,” said White. “That test tells us which drugs are going to work best for that person based on genetic testing. This testing is available for a limited amount of drugs but will likely expand in the future.” Learn more about the Genetic Counseling and Testing Center at Baptist Cancer Center. Find a Baptist doctor by visiting our Find a Doctor page.

At first glance, medical bills seem overwhelming for many patients. Some itemized health care statements include unfamiliar language and service codes. Fortunately, health literacy—the ability to understand basic health information and services—can help patients pay bills and play an active role in managing their health. The next 6 questions will help you ace any health literacy test.

1. What should I expect to see on my medical bill?

According to Shannon Burnham, manager for financial service and assistance at Baptist Medical Group’s Central Business Office, health care bills contain several important elements. "First and foremost, patients should identify who the bill is from,” said Burnham. “Billing statements also include the date of service—in other words, the day the patient received care in the hospital or physician’s clinic. If they have insurance, they will see the dollar amount that was billed to their insurance, as well as the amount paid by the insurance company and the balance they're responsible for after insurance.” However, a different bill is sent to self-pay patients. Self-pay patients are either uninsured or have high-deductible health insurance. According to Burnham, medical statements for self-pay patients will not include billing information for an insurance provider. “If they're a self-pay patient, they should see that there is no insurance bill,” said Burnham. “Self-pay patients will know—based upon the bill’s language—that they are responsible for the bill.”

2. How many bills should I receive?

Typically, Baptist’s patients receive two to three paper statements—unless they have opted to receive recurring statements each month.  “If you don't make a payment on your first bill, you’ll receive a second bill that serves as a reminder,” said Burnham.” While multiple paper statements can be convenient, Ron Wachsman, vice president and chief revenue cycle officer at Baptist Memorial Health Care, recognizes that many patients prefer to manage their medical bills online. To make accessing health care information easier for patients, Baptist offers a personalized, secure web portal called Baptist OneCare MyChart. "We’re in the process of streamlining our communication with patients in MyChart,” said Wachsman. “Our intent is to make it easier for patients to understand and resolve their bills. Patients can access medical records, set up appointment reminders and more. In the future, patients will also receive billing reminders in MyChart. We’ll be rolling out this exciting functionality soon."

3. What is an explanation of benefits (EOB)?

Insured patients also receive an EOB after their health care provider submits a claim. It is not the same as a medical bill, although it resembles a bill and shows a balance due. Instead, an EOB educates patients about their health care costs and gives them the opportunity to review their services. "The EOB comes from a patient's insurance company,” said Burnham. “It tends to have a little more detail than a normal statement. It's important that patients understand and compare their EOB to their Baptist statement to make sure services have been billed correctly.”

4. How can I pay my medical bill?

According to Wachsman, Baptist’s patients have multiple ways to pay their health care bill. “Patients can quickly sign into MyChart to make a payment if they don't need to talk to a person,” said Wachsman. “If they do want to talk to a person, they can call the customer service number on their statement or they can send private, secure messages through MyChart and a customer service representative will answer their questions.” Traditional payment methods, including payments made by mail and phone, are available for patients who prefer to handle health care expenditures offline.

5. Can I set up a payment plan?

Interest-free payment plans are available for insured and uninsured patients. According to Wachsman, this option provides a convenient, manageable way for patients to resolve their health care bill over time. "Baptist offers payment plans to all patients and additional assistance for patients without insurance,” said Wachsman. “We have representatives that assist uninsured patients—at no cost to them—and help them find coverage, whether it’s through Medicaid or other types of available coverage. If they're unable to get coverage, Baptist offers a generous discount on their bill to help reduce their balance.”

6. What should I do if I discover a billing error?

The medical billing process involves several entities, from medical billers and coders to various insurance and health care professionals. Despite standardized procedures, billing mistakes—such as inaccurate service codes, wrong plan information and typos—can and do happen. "If you compare your EOB with your Baptist statement and you find discrepancies, we encourage you to reach out via MyChart or by calling customer service,” said Burnham. “Don't delay. Don’t say, 'Maybe I'm looking at it wrong.' It's important that you reach out, so we can help you resolve discrepancies and feel confident with the information reflected on your medical bills.” Learn more about Baptist OneCare MyChart, including how to communicate with doctors, access test results, request prescription refills and manage appointments. 

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death for babies between 1 month and 12 months old. It is the unexplained, unexpected death of an infant, and it is often determined after a thorough investigation. While many SIDS cases remain a mystery, experts believe unsafe sleeping environments—such as a crib with blankets, toys or pillows—can result in accidental sleep-related deaths. Fortunately, parents, grandparents and other caregivers can help reduce the risk for SIDS and sleep-related accidents by following these 4 steps.

1. Always place babies on their backs to sleep.

Babies should never sleep on their stomachs or sides. Instead, you place babies on their backs, according to Kristi Davis, registered nurse, childbirth educator and board-certified lactation consultant at Baptist Memorial Hospital for Women. “Back in the mid-90s, we noticed that when babies slept on their backs, a greater percentage of babies did not die of SIDS,” said Davis. “Health care providers and pediatricians began educating parents and caregivers on the importance of placing babies on their backs, so as not to block the airway. Because of the increased awareness and education around sleeping placement and the dangers of accidental suffocation, the SIDS rate dropped 50 percent.” The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics both support placing a baby on his or her back, including for naps throughout the day, at night and while traveling. “Car seats are great for transport—and of course, it’s fantastic when babies fall asleep in them,” said Davis. “But car seats are not intended to be a sleeping device. Parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles need to remove a sleeping baby from a car seat and place him or her flat to sleep as soon as possible.”

2. Use a safety-approved crib and firm mattress.

CDC recommends choosing a crib, bassinet or cradle that is no more than 10 years old and has been certified safe by the Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association. Signs a crib is unsafe include loose or modified parts and gaps between the crib and mattress. According to Davis, parents should also make sure the sleeping space is bare. “Keep everything out of the crib,” said Davis. “Blankets, toys, bumpers and pillows—these items can twist around a baby’s head or push against the face. A bare crib is the safest sleeping environment for an infant.” In addition, Davis recommends using a firm mattress that can properly support a baby’s growing spine and bones. An organic cotton mattress is not only firm but comfortable for infants.

3. Dress babies lightly for sleep.

While experts encourage an empty crib at bedtime, some parents worry their infant will become cold or uncomfortable without a soft blanket to keep them warm at night. However, according to Davis, cooler environments and less clothing make breathing easier for babies. “Many of us think we need to wrap babies in several layers of clothing, but that's not necessary,” said Davis. “They are just as comfortable as we are. To help them sleep cool, I always recommend no more than three things on the baby. They should have their diaper, an undershirt or onesie and a wearable blanket or sleeper.” Set a room temperature that feels comfortable for average adults, and monitor your baby for signs of overheating, such as rosy cheeks and damp hair.

4. Avoid sharing a bed with an infant.

Bed-sharing, or co-sleeping, means you and your baby sleep together in the same bed. This can be a dangerous practice, as studies have shown bed-sharing increases the risk of SIDS. According to Davis, parents and babies can sleep in the same room but not in the same bed. “Our beds are made for grown people,” said Davis. “We have soft pillowtop and memory foam mattresses. These are designed for adult comfort, whereas babies need to sleep on a firm surface.” Bed-sharing also poses other dangers, including accidental suffocation. Babies can fall off the bed or get stuck under blankets or an adult’s body. While health care professionals and researchers say co-sleeping is off limits, there are ways to achieve much needed cuddle time with new babies. “You can still snuggle with your baby—just don't do it in your soft, cushy bed,” said Davis. “You'll have to lie on something firm like the floor. Put your baby on the floor beside you, but don’t share a bed.” Learn more about maternity care, childbirth services and breastfeeding counseling at Baptist, or find a nearby maternity specialist on our Find a Doctor page.

1. The Raw Food Diet

2. The Ketogenic Diet

3. The Paleo Diet

4. Whole30

5. The Gluten-free Diet

Healthy Habits for Long-term Weight Loss

What are concussion symptoms?

How many concussions are too many?

When is it safe to return to a sport?

How can athletes avoid concussions?

1. Follow Your Budget

2. Pay Attention to Serving Sizes

3. Select Low-sodium Options

Diabetes Management at Baptist Memorial Health Care

Look for Whole Grain on Labels

Measure Your Cereal Servings

How a Diabetes Educator Can Help You

1. Confide in a Loved One

2. Balance Personal and Professional Life

3. Eat Right and Exercise

Access to Employee Mental Health Resources at Baptist

1. Always Supervise Children

2. Take a Swimming Class

3. Establish Water Safety Rules

4. Watch for Signs of Dry Drowning

How to Respond in a Water Emergency

2. Use Tick Repellent Sprays

3. Check for Ticks

4. Shower or Bathe

5. Wash or Dry Clothes

Tick Bite Treatment

When you have diabetes, grocery shopping can be overwhelming, especially if you’re on a budget. But diabetes experts and nutritionists say it can be done—and well. So as you navigate the produce aisle, try these diabetes-friendly tips to make your shopping experience productive and healthy.

1. Shop In-season Fruits and Vegetables

According to Jennifer Reed, registered dietitian and certified diabetes educator with the Baptist Diabetes Education Center, people with diabetes shouldn’t feel limited when it comes to food—no matter the time of year.

“There are plenty of healthy seasonal options for shoppers on a budget, including lean proteins, non-starchy vegetables and fruits,” said Reed.

Eating seasonal produce, such as squash in the fall and artichokes in the spring, leads to real benefits for your wallet and overall wellness. By selecting produce that is grown and harvested shortly before you purchase it, you save on costs in the checkout line because the food is at peak supply.

In-season produce costs farmers less to distribute and transport—and often, it’s locally grown and harvested, meaning it doesn’t lose nutrients and flavor during the journey to your grocery store. If you’re not sure what fruits and vegetables are available in the Mid-South this season, the Seasonal Food Guide can help you craft your next budget-friendly shopping list.

2. Consider Organic and Non-organic Options

While organic foods may be free from pesticides, they don’t affect your blood glucose levels any differently than non-organic foods. According to Reed, organic produce isn’t always right for everyone.

“When you're on a budget, you don't have to buy organic. You don't have to say no to canned food,” said Reed. “Unfortunately, there are many myths and a lot of junk science about eating healthy with diabetes. Some people feel like they must buy expensive food items to be healthy—and that's just not true.”

Reed suggests shoppers who want to reduce their exposure to pesticides and stretch their dollar try frozen organic produce. It’s a cheaper alternative to fresh organic produce. Stock up on bags of frozen strawberries or green beans when they go on sale to make the most of your budget.

“A registered dietitian can help anyone be healthy on any kind of budget with any kind of food,” said Reed.

If you’re interested in healthy eating and diabetes management but you need help getting started, the Baptist Diabetes Education Center offers adult and pediatric programs, nutrition therapy and more. To participate, ask your doctor for a referral.

Explore the Baptist Diabetes Education Center webpage to learn more about diabetes management programs and services at Baptist. Find a doctor by visiting our Find a Physician page.

Breaking the Cycle Changes Lives

Parenting With Support From Universal Parenting Place

Peace of Mind for Mothers and Babies

Support for the DeSoto Community

Nonallergic Rhinitis Symptoms

When to See the Doctor

Life-saving TeleStroke Services at Baptist Memorial Health Care

2. Save money with coupons.

3. Practice reading food labels.

Diabetes Management at Baptist Memorial Health Care

• Fever, although not everyone will have a fever
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Body aches
• Headache
• Chills
• Fatigue
• Sometimes diarrhea and vomiting

• Fast breathing or trouble breathing
• Bluish skin color
• Not drinking enough fluids
• Not waking up or interacting
• Being so irritable that they can’t be comforted or soothed
• Flu-like symptoms that improve but then return with fever and worse cough
• Fever with a rash

• Unable to eat
• Trouble breathing
• No tears when crying
• Significantly fewer wet diapers than normal
• Fever greater than or equal to 100.4