Precancer of the cervix is an abnormal growth of cells on the cervix or the mouth of the womb. If not treated, some of these precancers may become cancer. Because of improved screening tests, cancer of the cervix is decreasing in the U.S. There are no signs or symptoms related to early cervical cancer, so a pelvic exam is needed to test your cervix. During this exam, cells are gently scraped from the cervix and later examined under a microscope. This is the basic Pap smear. Although not perfect, it is a good screening tool for cancer and precancer of the cervix. A Pap smear is suggested for all women who are sexually active or by age 18. It should be repeated every one to three years based upon individual risk.

Women at greater risk for precancers include those who:
* had sex before the age of 18,
* have more than two sex partners,
* smoke cigarettes,
* do not use barrier birth control (such as condoms) ,
* have a history of herpes, genital warts or HIV, or
* have had limited access to health care.

Most low grade precancers will disappear without treatment. Some will remain and slowly grow into cancer over several years. If you have an abnormal Pap smear, you may be scheduled for a repeat Pap smear or colposcopy in a few months. A colposcopy is a closer exam of your cervix by use of a special set of binoculars. Samples will be taken of the areas that look abnormal. The evaluation of the samples will tell if more treatment is needed.

Treating a precancer after sampling may include:
* waiting and watching with no treatment and more frequent Pap smears,
* getting rid of the precancer by laser or freezing,
* removing the precancer with an electric wire or knife, or
* surgery.

Cervical cancer can be prevented. It depends on you to follow through with yearly Pap smear examinations.

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