Urinary tract infections are common in women. About ten to twenty percent of all women get a lower urinary tract infection at least once. Infection is most likely in sexually active women ages twenty to forty. It occurs often when a woman becomes sexually active for the first time. Resuming after a long spell of not being sexually active can also bring on an infection.

Most bladder infections result from germs rising up the urethra. We all have germs residing near the urethra. They are normally kept at bay by our immune defenses. Passing urine also acts to flush germs out. Sometimes a sexual partner carries the infecting bacteria. In this case, both partners should be treated to clear up the infection. One reason women are more likely to get an infection is that the female urethra is shorter. Some factors that contribute to infection in women are:
* irritation from feminine hygiene spray or sexual intercourse,
* specific bacteria carried by sexual partners,
* renal stones that block urine flow and irritate linings,
* pregnancy,
* menopause, or
* having a catheter in the urethra.

A woman with such an infection may have the following symptoms:
* an urgent and frequent need to urinate,
* difficulty, pain, or burning during urination,
* cramps or tenderness in the bladder area,
* blood in the urine,
* fever and chills, or
* low back pain.

High counts of bacteria in urine confirm an infection. Most infections respond well to antibiotic treatment. However, recurrence is possible. To avoid recurrence:
* drink a lot of water,
* use condoms,
* make sure that birth control diaphragms fit properly. If they are too large, they may put pressure on the neck of the bladder, and
* take all your medication as ordered.

If you have symptoms of a bladder infection, consult your health care provider right away.

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