Urine analysis screens for a variety of disorders. The tests check color, odor, and cloudiness. They also detect and measure a variety of cells and substances in the urine. Examples are protein, sugar, liver products, and blood cells. Some of the findings relate to kidney or urinary tract disorders. Other findings help diagnose systemic diseases.

For the patient the procedure is quite simple. There is usually no fluid or food restriction before the test. He or she collects a urine sample. This may occur in a clinic or doctor's office. If possible, the first urine in the morning is collected. A healthcare provider prepares the sample and sends it to a lab.

Abnormal findings indicate certain problems. For example, protein in the urine suggests kidney disease. Sugar usually indicates diabetes. Certain substances indicate liver disease. A variety of problems cause bleeding in the urinary tract. White blood cells indicate an infection in the urinary tract. Bacteria or yeast also indicate infection.

Some abnormal findings are not caused by only one disease. Combined with other symptoms and history, they help doctors pinpoint diseases. They also provide an early warning for certain diseases.

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