Echocardiography produces an image of the heart. It uses harmless, high frequency sound waves, known as ultrasound. Ultrasound is beyond the range that people can hear. A device directs ultrasound toward the heart. It records the waves that echo off tissues. This produces an image on a screen called an ultrasonogram. Similar tests view various internal organs and unborn fetuses.

This test shows the size, shape, and motion of the heart structures. It also graphs the cycle of pumping and valve movement. It is useful for evaluating people with chest pain, abnormal chest X-rays, or abnormal heartbeats. It helps diagnose various conditions, including:
* problems with heart valves,
* muscle injury after a heart attack,
* fluid in the sac around the heart,
* heart muscle disease,
* tumors in the heart, and
* expansion or narrowing of structures.

The test is safe and painless. It usually lasts 15 to 30 minutes. It may take place in a clinic or hospital, but doesn't require a hospital stay. The room is often slightly dark, so the examiner can see the screen clearly. The person lies still during the test. The examiner applies a type of jelly on the chest above the heart. He or she places a hand-held tool on the jelly and aims it at various angles. Sometimes, he views the heart from the side of the chest. He may have the person inhale a gas that makes the heart race for a moment. This gas may cause dizziness or a flushed feeling, which will quickly go away. The examiner may also ask the person to breathe a certain way or hold his breath. He can record the images on videotape. The heart's pumping activity is recorded on a moving paper. The healthcare provider may interpret the findings at a later time.

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