The most common cause of irritation of the gums is plaque and tartar build-up. Plaque consists of bacteria, food debris and saliva, which forms a soft sticky paste on the surface of the gums and teeth. Good brushing will remove it temporarily. Soon after brushing, it begins to form again. Left on the teeth, plaque will harden (calcify). This creates tartar (or calculus). Tartar, which is yellow or brown, is not easily removed and forms in layers much like scale forms on a kettle. Tartar build-up is an ideal spot for more plaque and bacteria to grow.

Gingivitis, which affects approximately 80 to 90 percent of adults, is an inflammation of the gum tissues and structures surrounding and supporting your teeth. Early on, it has no symptoms and itcauses no pain. Later signs of gingivitis include:
* red swollen gums, and
* bleeding with brushing or eating.

Left unchecked, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. At this stage, the gums begin to separate from the teeth. The supporting bone, which holds the teeth firm, begins to deteriorate. This can lead to loose teeth and eventual tooth loss.

Common causes include:
* Lack of daily, thorough, and diligent oral hygiene.
* Lack of professional cleaning on a regular basis.
* A poorly balanced diet.
* Poor-fitting dental appliances (such as braces, retainers, etc.)
* Broken fillings or teeth.
* Malaligned or crowded teeth.
* Systemic factors such as: nutritional disturbances, pregnancy, and certain diseases (such as diabetes and some cancers).
* Drugs, especially those that cause dry mouth.

Gingivitis is a condition that affects many adults. Use artificial saliva if you have a chronic dry mouth. Healthy gums begin with meticulous oral hygiene. Preventing gingivitis requires regular professional dental care supported by daily brushing and flossing.

For more information, contact the American Dental Association at (800) 621-8099.

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