Osteoarthritis is the most common type of a degenerative joint disease. It usually begins in people over the age of 60.

Osteoarthritis progresses slowly. It first begins with joint pain and stiffness. Later the joint enlarges and movement becomes limited. The cartilage breaks down first. Cartilage is the joint's cushion that covers the ends of bones allowing free movement. It becomes rough, frays, or wears away leaving bones to grind against each other. As a result, the joint becomes irritated and inflamed. Sometimes the irritation causes abnormal bone growths known as spurs which increase swelling. The disease normally affects the feet, knees, hips, and fingers. Only a few joints are affected at one time.

Excessive or unusual wear of the joints can start the disease. This includes being overweight, poor posture, injury, repetitive strain from work, sports, or recreation, or a combination of these.

The most common symptoms of osteoarthritis are pain and stiffness. Using the affected joint causes pain. This is especially true with finger joints and those that bear the body's weight. Enlargement of the fingers at the last joint may result, but seldom leads to disability. Pain and swelling increase with joint usage. These symptoms may be relieved somewhat with rest.

When an injury or overuse affects a weight bearing joint, the development of osteoarthritis speeds up. In young people, injuries and overuse can activate the disease. The weight-bearing joints of the knees, hips and spine are the most likely joints to be afflicted. However, wrists, elbows, and shoulders may be affected as well. Over the course of a lifetime, cartilage wears down considerably.

Treatment focuses on relieving pain and improving joint function. A wide range of drugs and procedures are available. Losing weight and protecting joints from overuse are important. Canes and splints offer protection. Physical therapy provides relief from pain and muscle spasms. It also maintains joint range of motion. Surgery can repair or replace the affected joint.

To learn more about arthritis, call the Arthritis Foundation at (800) 283-7800.

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