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Earwax
 
What is earwax?
Earwax (also called cerumen) is made by glands in the outer part of the ear canal. Earwax helps your ear stay healthy. The purpose of this sticky substance is to act as a shield to prevent dust, dirt and other substances from entering the ear canal. Earwax also helps to maintain the ear canal's acid balance and to protect the ears from infection.

It is healthy to have earwax inside the ear canal. It is not a sign of poor hygiene. Usually, the ears constantly clean themselves by slowly moving earwax and debris out of the ear canal opening. Most of the time, we are unaware of this cleaning process.

When is earwax a problem?
Fresh earwax is soft and yellow. Older earwax is brown or black and may even look like blood. The wax may also be dry, white, and flaky.

Too much earwax in the ear can cause an uncomfortable sensation. Sometimes earwax can be a problem because too much earwax has collected in the ear canal. It may then act like an earplug, blocking sound vibrations entering the ear and causing a hearing loss.

What causes excess earwax buildup?
No one knows for sure why some people have problems with earwax and others don't. Older adults tend to have more problems with earwax than younger adults. People with coarse wiry hairs in the ears may have more difficulty. This occurs more often in older men. Some people may have the problem in only one ear. Hearing aid users must watch for a buildup of earwax, because the ear mold of a hearing aid acts like a dam, preventing the wax from moving out of the ear canal.

Your ear can also get blocked with earwax if you use objects to clean the ear canal. An object may push earwax deeper into the ear canal and compact it. The earwax hardens and may cause a sudden loss of hearing or ear pain.

Never try to remove earwax yourself with objects such as a cotton-tipped swab, car key, bobby pin, toothpick, matchstick, or high-pressure water spray. These are unsafe tools for removing earwax and often push the earwax further down the ear canal toward the eardrum. Such objects injure the ear canal and can perforate the eardrum. They may damage the small bones in the middle ear behind the eardrum. They can even damage the inner ear, causing permanent hearing loss.

How is earwax buildup treated?
There are safe ways to remove earwax if it is causing pain or loss of hearing. You can use baby oil, mineral oil, or special ear drops to soften the earwax. This may be enough to get the excess wax to slowly move out of the ear. The wax will fall out or may be cleaned safely from the outer ear with a washcloth.

Earwax that is causing problems can be removed by your health care provider. Your health care provider may use irrigation (ear washes), a curette (tiny spoon-shaped tool), or suction.

Your health care provider may refer you to an ear-nose-throat (ENT) specialist for earwax removal if you have:
  • chronic ear disease
  • a punctured or ruptured eardrum (now or in the past)
  • only one ear with good hearing and that ear is the one with the earwax buildup.

If your ear is always blocked with earwax, you probably need to see an ear-nose-throat specialist regularly.

How can I take care of myself?
Unless there is a blockage, it is best to leave earwax alone. Remember, earwax is necessary to protect the ear. It does not mean that your ears are not clean.

If you tend to have problems with earwax buildup, you can do these things to help yourself:
  • Don't attempt to soften the wax in your ear if you have ear pain, cold symptoms, or if your eardrum has ever been punctured.
  • Don't put any object (such as cotton swabs or pencils) inside your ears to try to clean them.
  • See your health care provider if you develop pain or discomfort in one or both ears or if you notice a change in your hearing.




  Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

  HIA File ENT3953F.HTM Release 9.0/2006. Copyright © 2006 McKesson Corporation and/or one of its subdiaries. All Rights Reserved.


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